GC-Based Techniques for Breath Analysis: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects

Xu, Mingjun; Tang, Zhentao; Duan, Yixiang; Liu, Yong

doi:10.1080/10408347.2015.1055550

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…This includes the analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and biomarkers of inflammation. There are an estimate of over 3000 VOCs in human breath [10], which are a combination of bi-products of normal metabolic activity and, in some cases, specific biomarkers associated with a disease [11,12,13,14]. In a review paper from 2018, A. Wilson [15] investigated the increasing application of electronic nose (eNose) technology for the clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases, including IBD, bile acid diarrhoea, colorectal cancer (CRC), IBS, and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Analysis Using eNose and Ion Mobility Technology to Diagnose Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Pilot Study

et al. 2019

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Early diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), remains a clinical challenge with current tests being invasive and costly. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath and biomarkers in stool (faecal calprotectin (FCP)) show increasing potential as non-invasive diagnostic tools. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the efficacy of breath analysis and determine if FCP can be used as an additional non-invasive parameter to supplement breath results, for the diagnosis of IBD. Thirty-nine subjects were recruited (14 CD, 16 UC, 9 controls). Breath samples were analysed using an in-house built electronic nose (Wolf eNose) and commercial gas chromatograph–ion mobility spectrometer (G.A.S. BreathSpec GC-IMS). Both technologies could consistently separate IBD and controls [AUC ± 95%, sensitivity, specificity], eNose: [0.81, 0.67, 0.89]; GC-IMS: [0.93, 0.87, 0.89]. Furthermore, we could separate CD from UC, eNose: [0.88, 0.71, 0.88]; GC-IMS: [0.71, 0.86, 0.62]. Including FCP did not improve distinction between CD vs UC; eNose: [0.74, 1.00, 0.56], but rather, improved separation of CD vs controls and UC vs controls; eNose: [0.77, 0.55, 1.00] and [0.72, 0.89, 0.67] without FCP, [0.81, 0.73, 0.78] and [0.90, 1.00, 0.78] with FCP, respectively. These results confirm the utility of breath analysis to distinguish between IBD-related diagnostic groups. FCP does not add significant diagnostic value to breath analysis within this study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Analysis Using eNose and Ion Mobility Technology to Diagnose Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Pilot Study

et al. 2019

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“…These include the lengthy pre-concentration and analysis duration needed that make GC-MS inapplicable for real-time performance. Also, constant calibration needed by a knowledgeable operator makes it difficult to popularize [ 25 ]. Nevertheless, developments have been made in hope of refining the methods.…”

Section: Gas Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affinity Ionic Liquids for Chemoselective Gas Sensing

Chang

Chang³

et al. 2018

Molecules

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Selective gas sensing is of great importance for applications in health, safety, military, industry and environment. Many man-made and naturally occurring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can harmfully affect human health or cause impairment to the environment. Gas analysis based on different principles has been developed to convert gaseous analytes into readable output signals. However, gas sensors such as metal-oxide semiconductors suffer from high operating temperatures that are impractical and therefore have limited its applications. The cost-effective quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device represents an excellent platform if sensitive, selective and versatile sensing materials were available. Recent advances in affinity ionic liquids (AILs) have led them to incorporation with QCM to be highly sensitive for real-time detection of target gases at ambient temperature. The tailorable functional groups in AIL structures allow for chemoselective reaction with target analytes for single digit parts-per-billion detection on mass-sensitive QCM. This structural diversity makes AILs promising for the creation of a library of chemical sensor arrays that could be designed to efficiently detect gas mixtures simultaneously as a potential electronic in future. This review first provides brief introduction to some conventional gas sensing technologies and then delivers the latest results on our development of chemoselective AIL-on-QCM methods.

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“…The major advantages of the mentioned techniques are high sensitivity, selectivity and low limit of detection. However, they are of high cost and not portable for diagnostic tools [ 78 , 79 , 80 ]. Chemoresistive sensors have been used mostly in the past years to detect sub-ppm acetone in human breath.…”

Section: Nanomaterial-based Approaches For Detection Of Acetonementioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing Technologies for Detection of Acetone in Human Breath for Diabetes Diagnosis and Monitoring

et al. 2018

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The review describes the technologies used in the field of breath analysis to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus. Currently the diagnosis and monitoring of blood glucose and ketone bodies that are used in clinical studies involve the use of blood tests. This method entails pricking fingers for a drop of blood and placing a drop on a sensitive area of a strip which is pre-inserted into an electronic reading instrument. Furthermore, it is painful, invasive and expensive, and can be unsafe if proper handling is not undertaken. Human breath analysis offers a non-invasive and rapid method for detecting various volatile organic compounds thatare indicators for different diseases. In patients with diabetes mellitus, the body produces excess amounts of ketones such as acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetone. Acetone is exhaled during respiration. The production of acetone is a result of the body metabolising fats instead of glucose to produce energy. There are various techniques that are used to analyse exhaled breath including Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR–MS), Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT–MS), laser photoacoustic spectrometry and so on. All these techniques are not portable, therefore this review places emphasis on how nanotechnology, through semiconductor sensing nanomaterials, has the potential to help individuals living with diabetes mellitus monitor their disease with cheap and portable devices.

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GC-Based Techniques for Breath Analysis: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects

Cited by 38 publications

References 102 publications

Breath Analysis Using eNose and Ion Mobility Technology to Diagnose Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Pilot Study

Breath Analysis Using eNose and Ion Mobility Technology to Diagnose Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Pilot Study

Affinity Ionic Liquids for Chemoselective Gas Sensing

Sensing Technologies for Detection of Acetone in Human Breath for Diabetes Diagnosis and Monitoring

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