GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of the Organic Extracts from the Stem of Bridelia stipularis

Abstract

In the present study the stems of the Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume, which is traditionally used by ethnic communities in Sabah, Malaysia, has been investigated for its chemical composition, total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) via Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis consuming hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate as extraction solvents and gallic acid and quercetin as internal standards. In vitro antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by the application of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging assay using tert-butyl-1-hydroxytoluene (BHT) as comparative drug. The GC-MS profiling showed the presence of 1-dodecanol (40.917%), oxalic acid, cyclobutyl octadecyl ester (24.985%), 1-octanol,2-nitro (12.424%), benzaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-(9.583%), 4-tridecanol (6.359%) and nitric acid, nonyl ester (5.616%) as major constituents. The TPC (224.62 ± 0.08 mg QE/g) and TFC (160.48 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g) was reported highest for the most polar solvent i.e. ethyl acetate. The in vitro antioxidant study disclosed highest IC 50 value for ethyl acetate (2.15 mg/mL), queued by chloroform (1.19 mg/mL) and hexane (0.89 mg/mL), displaying that polar solvents are good extraction solvents for the identification of free radical scavenging properties, TFC and TPC.

Flavonoids from the Leaves of <i>Bridelia stipularis</i> with <i>in Vitro</i> Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activity

“…Here apigenin as well as ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed strong antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of Bridelia stipularis has also been reported previously [4] [9] [11] [18] which can be explained from the presence of flavone derivatives. The chemical structure of flavone derivatives has impact on free radical scavenging activity.…”

An overview of some pharmacologically relevant therapeutic plants from Kerala's sacred groves

“…Prominent chemical compounds isolated from the stem bark of Aphanamixis polystachya include lignan, polystachyol, and myristicin-eugenol [30] . The phytochemical compounds recovered from hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Bridelia stipularis by GC-MS analysis include 1-dodecanol, oxalic acid, and cyclo-butyl octadecyl ester [31] . Some key pharmacologically relevant phytochemical elements identified from Citrus aurantifolia include limonexic acid, isolimonexic acid, and limonin [32] .…”

“…CNS depressive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity are only a few of the pharmacological effects of Aphanamixis polystachya extracts. An in vivo investigation using the Freud complete adjuvant induced arthritis model in Sprague Dawley rats determined the antiinflammatory properties of Aphanamixis polystachya extract [47] .…”

Antibacterial activity and GC-MS profile of secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis HSFI-9 associated with Holothuria scabra

“…Meanwhile for other compound, 1butanol, 3-methyl-, formate has antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, and also antifungal against Aspergillus niger (Gadhoumi et al 2022). The dominant compound (2S,3S)-(-)-3-propyloxirane methanol) was predicted to have an antioxidant activity (Yusufzai et al 2019).…”