GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Some Greek Aromatic Plants and Their Fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum

Abstract

The isolated essential oils from seven air-dried plant species were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Origanum vulgare (oregano), and Origanumdictamus (dictamus) essential oils were found to be rich in phenolic compounds representing 65.8, 71.1, and 78.0% of the total oil, respectively. Origanum majorana (marjoram) oil was constituted of hydrocarbons (42.1%), alcohols (24.3%), and phenols (14.2%). The essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) was characterized by the presence of alcohols (58.8%) and esters (32.7%). Ethers predominated in Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Salvia fruticosa (sage) essential oils, constituting 88.9 and 78.0%, respectively. The radial growth, conidial germination, and production of Penicillium digitatum were inhibited completely by oregano, thyme, dictamus, and marjoram essential oils at relatively low concentrations (250-400 microg/mL). Lavender, rosemary, and sage essential oils presented less inhibitory effect on the radial growth and conidial germination of P. digitatum. Conidial production of P. digitatum was not affected by the above oils at concentrations up to 1000 microg/mL. Apart from oregano oil, all essential oils were more effective in the inhibition of conidial germination than of radial growth. The monoterpene components, which participate in essential oils in different compositions, seem to have more than an additive effect in fungal inhibition.

Synergistic effects of floral phytochemicals against a bumble bee parasite

“…Eugenol synthase genes are also found in such common flowering plants as Arabidopsis spp., Glycine max, Vitis vinifera, Populus spp., Betula spp., Petunia hybrida, and Clarkia breweri (Gupta et al., 2014). Eugenol's presence is most extensively documented among plants of the Lamiaceae (38 species) (Tan & Nishida, 2012), which includes widely cultivated thymol‐containing herbs such as Thymus vulgaris , Origanum vulgare , O. majorana , and O. dictamnus (Daferera, Ziogas, & Polissiou, 2000). In at least four Lamiaceae species (Table 1), eugenol is found together with either thymol or thymol's isomer, carvacrol: T. vulgaris (Lee, Umano, Shibamoto, & Lee, 2005), Ocimum basilicum (Lee et al., 2005; Politeo, Jukic, & Milos, 2007), Origanum vulgare (Milos, Mastelic, & Jerkovic, 2000), and O. majorana (Deans & Svoboda, 1990).…”

Evaluation of Origanum vulgare essential oil as antimicrobial agent in sausage

“…Among several essential oils that may be useful as antimicrobial agents, oregano oil (Origanum vulgare) may have a great potential for industrial applications (2,7,9,10). Undoubtedly, oregano has been recognized as one of the most used vegetable all over the world, with abundant occurrence in East Europe, in the Middle Asia and South and North America (21,33).…”

Atividade antifúngica e cinética de morte microbiana de extratos obtidos de Streptomyces spp. isolados de solos paraibanos

“…Inicialmente, inoculou-se em placas de Petri estéreis 9 mL de meio Sabouraud acrescido de 1 mL de cada extrato em concentrações estabelecidas a partir do valor da CIM, homogeneizando até resfriamento. Em seguida, retiraram-se fragmentos de aproximadamente 2 mm de cada cepa fúngica ensaiada, colocando-os no centro da placa, incubando a temperatura ambiente por 14 d. No controle positivo foi utilizado 9 mL do meio + 1 mL de cetoconazol na concentração de 50 μg/mL e o controle negativo 9 mL do meio + 1 mL de salina estéril (Thyagara & Hosono, 1996;Adam et al, 1998;Daferera et al, 2000;Rasooli & Mirmostafa, 2002).…”