GC/MS and LC-MS/MS phytochemical evaluation of the essential oil and selected secondary metabolites of Ajuga orientalis from Jordan and its antioxidant activity

Al–Qudah, Mahmoud A.; Al-Smadi, Zahra M.; Al‐Jaber, Hala I.; Tashtoush, Hasan; Alkhatib, Rami; Bataineh, Tareq T.; Al-Dalahmeh, Yousef; Orabi, Sultan T. Abu

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104641

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As previously mentioned, [47–53] EO was extracted from ACGL for the current study using a Clevenger‐style apparatus, and GC‐MS analysis of the EO was performed using…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previously mentioned, [47][48][49][50][51][52][53] EO was extracted from ACGL for the current study using a Clevenger-style apparatus, and GC-MS analysis of the EO was performed using a Varian Chrompack CP-3800 instrument (Saturn, Netherlands). The temperature program is set with the following chromatographic conditions: Starting at 60 °C (isothermal, 1 min), increasing to 246 °C at 3 °C/min, and then holding at 246 °C for 3 minutes.…”

Section: Extraction and Gc/ms Analysis Of Essential Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aluminum chloride assay, previously described, [47][48][49][50][51][52][53] was employed to determine the TFC of the ME from the leaves of A. gerrardii. Specifically, 1 mL of 1 mg/mL of ME was mixed with 0.3 mL 10 % AlCl 3 , 0.3 mL of 5 % NaNO 2 , and 3.4 mL distilled water.…”

Section: Total Phenol (Tpc) and Total Flavonoid (Tfc) Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine TPC. [43,47] The extract (0.5 mL) was mixed with sodium carbonate (2.0 mL) and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (2.5 mL, 0.2 N). The absorbance of the resulting solution was measured at 765 nm after approximately 15 min, and the results were compared to those of a methanol-free control solution.…”

Section: Total Phenol (Tpc) and Total Flavonoid (Tfc) Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stable free radical (DPPH and ABTS) and ferrous ion (Fe 2 + ) chelating activity (FIC) methods were used to assess the antioxidant potential of ME and EO following literature protocols. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53] Subsequently, the percentage inhibition was calculated using formula (1):…”

Section: In Vitro Evaluation Of Antioxidant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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GC/MS and LC–MS Analysis and in‐vitro Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Crude Methanol Extract from the Leaves of Acacia Gerrardii Benth. Growing in Saudi Arabia

Algethami

2024

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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In this study, I determined the essential oil (EO) chemical composition and crude methanol extract (ME) phytochemical profile of the leaves of Acacia gerrardii (ACGL), a plant growing in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, I assessed their in vitro antioxidant activity. The gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis of the EO revealed a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (79.86 %), primarily dominated by pulegone (35.11 %), carvacrol (27.36 %), and neo‐dihydrocarveol (4.67 %). The ME was analyzed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry to determine its qualitative chemical profile. Four organic acids, eleven phenolic compounds, sixteen flavonoids, nine terpenoids (eight triterpenoids and one diterpenoid), and one coumarin were found in the ME of ACGL. This extract was found to be dominated by 5,6,4‐trihydroxy‐7,3‐dimethoxyflavone (39.30 %), acteoside (30.27 %), nevadensin (7.55 %), isoacteoside (3.08 %) and apiin (3.23 %), and hesperidin (2.73 %). The phenolic (TPC=127.70±1.47 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of extract) and flavonoid (TFC=85.48±0.12 mg quercetin equivalents/g of extract) contents of the ME were also assessed. The in vitro antioxidant activities of both the EO and ME were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and ferrous ion chelating effect assays. Compared to the positive control (vit. E and Vit. C), and both extracts exhibited excellent activity.

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“…As previously mentioned, [47–53] EO was extracted from ACGL for the current study using a Clevenger‐style apparatus, and GC‐MS analysis of the EO was performed using…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction and Gc/ms Analysis Of Essential Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Total Phenol (Tpc) and Total Flavonoid (Tfc) Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Total Phenol (Tpc) and Total Flavonoid (Tfc) Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro Evaluation Of Antioxidant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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GC/MS and LC–MS Analysis and in‐vitro Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Crude Methanol Extract from the Leaves of Acacia Gerrardii Benth. Growing in Saudi Arabia

Algethami

2024

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Antiproliferative Effects of Ajuga orientalis Methanolic Extract: In Vitro and In Silico Insights

Althaher,

Saqallah,

Qawass

2024

ChemistrySelect

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Ajuga orientalis, a perennial herb from the Lamiaceae family, is traditionally used in Jordanian folk medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study evaluates the phytochemical profile, cytotoxicity, drug‐likeness, and molecular docking of the methanolic extract of A. orientalis to explore its potential as a source of novel therapeutic agents. GC‐MS analysis identified 21 compounds, including oleic acid methyl ester (27.1%) and palmitic acid (12.5%). The extract demonstrated significant concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 macrophage cells, with an IC50 of 91.5 µg/mL. Molecular docking studies revealed fundamental interactions of phytochemicals with cancer‐related proteins, including VEGFR2 and TLR4/MD‐2, showing strong binding affinities. Notably, 1,7‐di(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐2,2,4,4,6,6‐hexamethyl‐1,3,5,7‐tetraoxa‐2,4,6‐trisilaheptane and the 2TBDMS derivative of 4‐hydroxybenzeneacetic acid exhibited promising interactions, indicating potential for inhibiting angiogenesis and modulating immune responses. Drug‐likeness evaluation of 18 compounds showed that 11 meet the criteria for oral bioavailability, though some challenges for drug development remain. This research underscores the therapeutic potential of A. orientalis compounds in cancer treatment and immune modulation, suggesting further experimental validation and development of these bioactive compounds.

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Synthetic Biology of Plants-Derived Medicinal Natural Products

Nipunta,

Kaur,

Sagar

et al. 2024

Biosynthesis of Natural Products in Plants

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GC/MS and LC-MS/MS phytochemical evaluation of the essential oil and selected secondary metabolites of Ajuga orientalis from Jordan and its antioxidant activity

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

GC/MS and LC–MS Analysis and in‐vitro Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Crude Methanol Extract from the Leaves of Acacia Gerrardii Benth. Growing in Saudi Arabia

GC/MS and LC–MS Analysis and in‐vitro Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Crude Methanol Extract from the Leaves of Acacia Gerrardii Benth. Growing in Saudi Arabia

Antiproliferative Effects of Ajuga orientalis Methanolic Extract: In Vitro and In Silico Insights

Synthetic Biology of Plants-Derived Medicinal Natural Products

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