GC-MS Metabolomics profiling and HR-APCI-MS characterization of potential anticancer compounds and antimicrobial activities of extracts from Picrorhiza kurroa roots

Abstract

The present study explores pharmacological potential and phytochemicals profiling of Picrorhiza kurroa extracts against mammalian cancer cell lines and pathogenic microbes. Bioactive extracts from roots of Picrorhiza kurroa were recovered in the methanol, 50% aqueous dichloromethane (50 : 50 v/v) and n-hexane. Antimicrobial activity of the bioactive extracts was assessed against selected strains of bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Aqueous dichloromethane extract showed highest zone of growth inhibition (39.06 ± 1.0 mm) towards Staphylococcus aureus bacteria while methanolic extract showed the lowest inhibition (6.3 ± 4.1 mm) to Escherichia coli bacteria. The tested extracts such as methanol and aqueous dichloromethane exhibited higher inhibition antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus compared to Fusarium oxysporum. As far as cytotoxicity (MTT assay) of the tested extracts is concerned, n-hexane and aqueous dichloromethane extracts were found to be very active against all cancer cell lines (breast cancer MCF7, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and ovarian cancer SKOV3). A preliminary phytochemicals profiling was performed in extracts using GC-MS. Several fractions of active extract were separated with HPLC and analyzed using High Resolution Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HR-APCI-MS). Two purified compounds (Dihydromikanolide and 1,3-Dicyclohexyl-4-(cyclohexylimino)-2-(cyclohexylethylamino)-3,4-dihydro-1,3-diazetium) were further evaluated for their anticancer activity against ovarian cancer cell line. Our findings depict that all the tested extracts showed considerable anticancer potential through cell viability assays. The purified compound 1-Dihydromikanolide from methanolic extract was found to be active against ovarian cancer cells and can be explored as a promising nutra-pharmaceutical candidate against ovarian cancer. However, further studies exploring the molecular pathways and in vivo testing are required.

Response Surface Methodology‐Based Optimized Ultrasonic‐Assisted Extraction and Characterization of Selected High‐Value Components from Gemlik Olive Fruit

“…The maceration ethanolic extraction (MEE) was performed according to the reported protocol. [51] Briefly, 10 g dried sample was soaked in 100 mL solvent (80.00 % aqueous ethanol as optimized) and stirred for 8 h using orbital shaker. After filtration solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to get solvent free concentrated extract.…”

Biological Activities in Sapwood and Heartwood Extractives from Paulownia tomentosa

“…In contrast, for A. niger, no distinct growth-inhibition rings were detected with the crude extract or the solvent fractions. Tabassam et al [31] reported high anti-fungal activity in the hexane extract of Picrorhiza kurroa root against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxyporum. Jameel et al [32] also showed that the hexane extract of Capparis decidua had the largest anti-fungal effect.…”

Advances in Plant Metabolomics and Its Applications in Stress and Single-Cell Biology

“…For example, 14 volatile compounds in Picrorhiza kurroa roots were extracted with ethyl acetate and butanol, and identified using GC-MS. These metabolites have anticancer and antimicrobial activities [27]. Another study identified 15 volatile metabolites from Kigelia africana fruit extracts using GC-time-of-flight (TOF)-MS, but not with LC-MS/MS [28].…”