GC/MS screening of buckthorn phytochemicals and their use to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye in water

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were biosynthesized. According to GC/MS analysis, chalcone; the main phytochemical; is probably complexed with Zn ions that are then oxidized to ZnO NPs by atmospheric O2 during heating. The ZnO NPs were characterized by TG, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, eEDAX, and BET surface area analysis. Sphere-like ZnO NPs were formed with 11 nm mean crystallite size, 5.2 m2 g−1 surface area, and 0.02 cm3 g−1 total pore volume. The synthesized ZnO showed excellent photocatalytic degradation (96.5±0.24% in 1 hour at 25 °C) of malachite green (MG) in aqueous solutions under UV light at optimum conditions; pH 10, MG initial concentration of 20 mg L−1, and ZnO dose of 1.5 g L−1. Also, ZnO showed very good reusability (92.9± 0.2% after 5 runs). The experimental data obeyed pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2=0.92). The photocatalysis process is dependent on the following species in the order: OH. > electron/positive hole pairs > O2.−. Moreover, photodegradation efficiency decreased in the presence of CO32−, HCO3−, and Cl−, but increased in the presence of NO3−, and SO42− ions. Thus, the green synthesized ZnO NPs can be applied as an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of MG from aqueous media.

Acute exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles impairs testicular function and sperm quality in adult male albino rats

“…Scheme 1 depicts the schematic representation of the synthesis that was performed using our prior methodology with certain adjustments (Hasan et al (2021); (Hasan et al, 2022). Sixty mL of banana peel extract (BPE) and 5 grams of Cu (CH3CO2) 2.H2O (1:12 m/v) were mixed while stirring and heating for 5 minutes.…”

Copper Oxide Nanoparticles suppress the liver and kidney function and decrease antioxidant defense in adult male rats after acute oral administration

“…Synthesis was carried out according to our previous method with some modifications (Hasan et al, 2021;Hasan et al, 2022) and is shown schematically in scheme 1. Five grams of Cu (CH3CO2) 2.H2O were added to 60 mL BPE (1:12 m/v) under stirring and heating for 5 min.…”

Peppermint-Mediated Green Synthesis of Nano ZrO2 and Its Adsorptive Removal of Cobalt from Water

“…The complex is capped by other organic molecules, terminating further growth of the particles. Calcination of the complex then results in the formation of ZrO2NPs via oxidation by oxygen in air [27,28]. Scheme 1.…”

“…To this solution, the PAE (about 200 mL) was added dropwise while the mixture was subjected to continuous stirring. A pale brown precipitate was formed and was magnetically stirred for 2 h, filtered off, washed with DW several times, dried in air for 24 h, and then dried in an oven at 100 • C for 5 h to form a black solid [27], as shown in Scheme 2. The latter solid was carefully milled and calcined, in air, for 3 h at 570 and 700 • C to form ZrO 2 NPs570 and ZrO 2 NPs700, respectively.…”

“…In this context, using plant extracts in particular has many advantages since this reduces the number of hazardous chemicals utilized in the synthesis processes of such adsorbents [22][23][24][25][26]. In addition, phytochemicals in the plant extract act as reducing, precipitating, and capping agents and thus play an important role in controlling particle size, shape, phase stability, and other characteristics of nanomaterials [27,28].…”