GCF MMP‐8 Levels in Smokers and Non‐Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis Following Scaling and Root Planing Accompanied by Systemic Use of Flurbiprofen

Abstract

Flurbiprofen administration had no additional inhibitory effect over SRP alone on GCF levels of MMP-8 in smokers compared to non-smokers with CP.

Effect of scaling and root planing on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine/chemokine levels in smokers with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review

“…Of these, five studies were excluded. After the final stage of selection, nine studies were included and processed for data extraction (ĸ score for inter‐assessor agreement at full‐text eligibility kappa = .90) . The study identification flowchart according to PRISMA is shown in Figure …”

“…Nine studies were included for the present systematic review . All studies were prospective non‐RCT and were carried out in Turkey, the USA, and Japan .…”

“…Nine studies were included for the present systematic review . All studies were prospective non‐RCT and were carried out in Turkey, the USA, and Japan . Eight studies had a moderate risk of bias, while one study had a high risk of bias .…”

Commentary: Targeting Underlying Biologic Mechanisms in Selecting Adjunctive Therapies to Improve Periodontal Treatment in Smokers: A Commentary

“…Although research has demonstrated reduction in oxidative stress after non‐surgical periodontal therapy, no current studies definitively demonstrate an adjunctive benefit of antioxidant treatment 52 . Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use as an adjunct to non‐surgical therapy in smokers has been shown to demonstrate clinical and biologic improvements in periodontal parameters and may represent an additional mechanism to improve outcomes of periodontal therapy in smokers 53–55 …”

The influence of smoking on the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and periodontal parameters in smoker and nonsmoker patients with chronic periodontitis: A clinicobiochemical study

“…4,5 Cigarette smoking affects neutrophil function which are major source of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). 6,7 Cigarette smoke contains a mixture of chemicals having carcinogenic potential, as well as various stable and free radicals species, and ROS that causes cellular oxidative stress, which is a factor for many smoking-related diseases. This smoke-induced oxidative stress has the potential to alter the MMP activity.…”