GdF<sub>3</sub>hollow spheres: self-assembly and multiple emission spanning the UV to NIR regions under 980 nm excitation

Yuan, Xiaoyun; Zhang, Lantian; Chen, Baojun; Zhu, Jinjiao; Pan, Xuechun; Fang, Zhenlan; Ju, Qiang; Huang, Wei

doi:10.1039/d0qi00084a

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[34] Similarly, in Yb 3+ /Er 3+ /Gd 3+ triply-doped systems, Er 3+ ions also can transfer energy to Gd 3+ ions for UV emission by 980 nm excitation. [35] To realize an efficient UV emission process through multiphoton upconversion, selecting appropriate host materials is essential. [24a,36] For example, Capobianco and co-workers reported that LiYF 4 -based UCNPs were preferable to the NaYF 4based counterparts in some cases, especially for UV-blue upconversion emission.…”

Section: Uv Emission By 980 Nm Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning Near‐Infrared‐to‐Ultraviolet Upconversion in Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Wei

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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converting NIR light to UV and vis light owing to several merits such as low toxicity, [11] high stability, [12] and minimal photo bleaching. [13] Ln-doped UCNPs can be readily prepared by several complementary methods such as co-precipitation, [14] thermal decomposition, [15] and thermal injection. [16] The as-synthesized nanoparticles can also be readily modified by silica, [17] mesoporous silica, [18] and hydrophilic molecules [19] with good biocompatibility. Importantly, UCNPs can easily convert multiwavelength NIR light to tunable UV light by doping different lanthanide ions [20] such as Yb 3+ , Nd 3+ , Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Gd 3+ . [21] Compared with visible emissions, the high-energy UV photons enable effective simulation of various photoactivatable systems, thus, making these UCNPs attractive nanoplatforms for light-controlled diagnosis and therapy in biomedicine. [22] This review focuses on the recent developments of NIR-to-UV UCNPs and the relevant applications in biomedicine. In Section 2, we survey the strategies for tuning UV emissions in Ln-doped UCNPs by excitations of NIR lasers at different wavelengths. In Section 3, we highlight the emerging applications of NIR-to-UV UCNPs in biomedical diagnosis and therapy. Strategies for NIR-to-UV UpconversionTo realize NIR-to-UV upconversion emission, a sensitizer with a sufficient absorption cross-section in the NIR region is essential. The selection of appropriate sensitizer co-doped along with the activator through an efficient energy transfer process could realize strong UV upconversion emissions under different excitation wavelengths (Figure 1). For example, Yb 3+ is an ideal sensitizer for 980 nm excitation because of its larger absorption cross-section at around 980 nm than other lanthanide ions due to the 2 F 7/2 → 2 F 5/2 transition. [23] Additionally, the 2 F 5/2 → 2 F 7/2 transition of Yb 3+ well matches electronic transitions in typical upconverting activators (e.g., Er 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Ho 3+ ) that facilitates energy transfer upconversion (ETU). [24] Nd 3+ is particularly suitable for use as a sensitizer to absorb shorter-wavelength laser due to its multiple NIR excitation bands at 730, 808, and 865 nm, corresponding to transitions from the 4 I 9/2 state to the 4

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Section: Uv Emission By 980 Nm Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 34 ] Similarly, in Yb 3+ /Er 3+ /Gd 3+ triply‐doped systems, Er 3+ ions also can transfer energy to Gd 3+ ions for UV emission by 980 nm excitation. [ 35 ]…”

Section: Strategies For Nir‐to‐uv Upconversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning Near‐Infrared‐to‐Ultraviolet Upconversion in Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Wei

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Hollow inorganic nanoparticles featuring a cavity space are one of the most attractive functional nanomaterials 31 , 32 . Hollow structure UCNPs have the properties of large internal surface area and high surface permeability, and theoretically have high light collection efficiency that is conducive to obtaining excellent luminescence properties and thus beneficial to temperature sensing 33 , 34 . However, the controllable design, structural engineering, and fine-tuning of nanoparticles to construct special structural materials with desirable size, composition, morphology, and physicochemical properties are not an easy task 35 – 37 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow nanoparticles synthesized via Ostwald ripening and their upconversion luminescence-mediated Boltzmann thermometry over a wide temperature range

Liang

Deng

et al. 2022

Light Sci Appl

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Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with hollow structures exhibit many fascinating optical properties due to their special morphology. However, there are few reports on the exploration of hollow UCNPs and their optical applications, mainly because of the difficulty in constructing hollow structures by conventional methods. Here, we report a one-step template-free method to synthesize NaBiF4:Yb,Er (NBFYE) hollow UCNPs via Ostwald ripening under solvothermal conditions. Moreover, we also elucidate the possible formation mechanism of hollow nanoparticles (HNPs) by studying the growth process of nanoparticles in detail. By changing the contents of polyacrylic acid and H2O in the reaction system, the central cavity size of NBFYE nanoparticles can be adjusted. Benefiting from the structural characteristics of large internal surface area and high surface permeability, NBFYE HNPs exhibit excellent luminescence properties under 980 nm near-infrared irradiation. Importantly, NBFYE hollow UCNPs can act as self-referenced ratiometric luminescent thermometers under 980 nm laser irradiation, which are effective over a wide temperature range from 223 K to 548 K and have a maximum sensitivity value of 0.0065 K−1 at 514 K. Our work clearly demonstrates a novel method for synthesizing HNPs and develops their applications, which provides a new idea for constructing hollow structure UCNPs and will also encourage researchers to further explore the optical applications of hollow UCNPs.

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“…However, the brightness and quantum yield of UCNPs are substantially weak, partially owing to the relatively low doping concentrations of the sensitizer (<20 mol%) and activator (<2 mol%). [13][14][15] NaYbF 4 nanoparticles have been proposed as a promising alternative host to canonical NaYF 4 for enhancing the brightness and efficiency of UCNPs, as they possess the highest content of Yb 3+ , and are expected to amplify the absorption cross section for maximizing the use of incident light and accelerate energy transfer to the activator. [16][17][18] Thus, core-shell nanostructures with NaYbF 4 as an intermediate shell have been used to not only boost upconversion intensity, but also tailor the emission profile to enhance multiphoton emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling phase and morphology evolution of NaYbF₄ upconversion nanoparticles via modulating reaction parameters

Pan

Ren

Zeng

et al. 2022

Inorg. Chem. Front.

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GdF₃hollow spheres: self-assembly and multiple emission spanning the UV to NIR regions under 980 nm excitation

Abstract: Monodispersed GdF3:Er3+,Yb3+ hollow submicrometer spheres were successfully synthesized by self-assembly of ∼16 nm nanocrystals, and exhibit unique strong emissions spanning from UV to NIR under excitation at 980 nm.

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Tuning Near‐Infrared‐to‐Ultraviolet Upconversion in Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Tuning Near‐Infrared‐to‐Ultraviolet Upconversion in Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Hollow nanoparticles synthesized via Ostwald ripening and their upconversion luminescence-mediated Boltzmann thermometry over a wide temperature range

Unravelling phase and morphology evolution of NaYbF₄ upconversion nanoparticles via modulating reaction parameters

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GdF3hollow spheres: self-assembly and multiple emission spanning the UV to NIR regions under 980 nm excitation

Abstract: Monodispersed GdF3:Er3+,Yb3+ hollow submicrometer spheres were successfully synthesized by self-assembly of ∼16 nm nanocrystals, and exhibit unique strong emissions spanning from UV to NIR under excitation at 980 nm.

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Tuning Near‐Infrared‐to‐Ultraviolet Upconversion in Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Tuning Near‐Infrared‐to‐Ultraviolet Upconversion in Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Hollow nanoparticles synthesized via Ostwald ripening and their upconversion luminescence-mediated Boltzmann thermometry over a wide temperature range

Unravelling phase and morphology evolution of NaYbF4 upconversion nanoparticles via modulating reaction parameters

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GdF₃hollow spheres: self-assembly and multiple emission spanning the UV to NIR regions under 980 nm excitation

Unravelling phase and morphology evolution of NaYbF₄ upconversion nanoparticles via modulating reaction parameters