“…Currently, many different types of stem cell can be cultured and transplanted, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) (Takahashi & Yamanaka, 2006), embryonic stem cells (ES cells) (Wang et al, 2011), neural stem cells (NSCs) (Kameda et al, 2007;Muraoka et al, 2006) , mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (Kurozumi et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2010) , and hematopoietic stem cells (Shyu et al, 2006), and some of these have already been used in clinical trials. Every type of stem cell has unique advantages and disadvantages.…”