GDPR Interference With Next Generation 5G and IoT Networks

Rizou, Stavroula; Alexandropoulou-Egyptiadou, Eugenia; Psannis, Kostas E.

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3000662

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Security monitoring approaches include both the detection of known attack patterns as well as the detection of anomalies. In typical civilian mobile networks, the possibilities of monitoring end-users is limited due to privacy regulation [104], however, in bubbles or slices dedicated for public safety users' opportunities to analyze end-user traffic to detect threats may be greater.…”

Section: Management Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, privacy is not a similar issue, as private applications and personal communications are typically limited. Consequently, privacy regulations [104] that may limit monitoring in civilian networks may not be a problem in public safety communications. Third, the threat detection may in some cases be more accurate in homogeneous public safety networks as the used applications and protocols are known in advance and produce traffic patterns that repeat in every mission.…”

Section: A Tactical Security Situational Awareness and Orchestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Securing Public Safety Communications on Commercial and Tactical 5G Networks: A Survey and Future Research Directions

Suomalainen

Julku

Vehkaperä

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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The forthcoming communication networks for public safety authorities rely on the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networking technologies. Police officers, paramedics, border guards, as well as fire and rescue personnel, will connect through commercial operator's access network and rapidly deployable tactical bubbles. This transition from closed and dedicated infrastructure to hybrid architecture will expand the threat surface and expose mission-critical applications and sensitive information to cyber and physical adversaries. We explore and survey security architecture and enablers for prioritized public safety communication in 5G networks. We identify security threat scenarios and analyze enabling vulnerabilities, threat actors, attacks vectors, as well as risk levels. Security enablers are surveyed for tactical access and core networks, commercial infrastructure, and mission-critical applications, starting from push-to-talk and group video communication and leading to situational-awareness and remote-controlled systems. Two solutions are trialed and described in more detail: remote attestation enhanced access control for constrained devices, and securing of satellite backhauls. We also discuss future research directions highlighting the need for enablers to automate security of rapid deployments, for military-grade cost-effective customizations of commercial network services to ensure robustness, and for hardening of various types of public safety equipment.

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Section: Management Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Tactical Security Situational Awareness and Orchestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing Public Safety Communications on Commercial and Tactical 5G Networks: A Survey and Future Research Directions

Suomalainen

Julku

Vehkaperä

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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“…As personal data, GDPR has considered all information that may be linked to a natural person. GDPR is considered "one of the strictest and most accurate privacy laws worldwide" [20], therefore it comprises of the main legislative ground for this work used as a reference point to estimate the impact of an attack. The Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations (PECR), also known as ePrivacy directive, is complementary to the GDPR and focuses on the privacy of the data subject on electronic communications [8].…”

Section: E Legislation and Directives In Telecommunicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 5G the user's permanent identity is recommended to be concealed while temporary identifier should be refreshed after each usage. Furthermore, the specifications suggest that both user and signaling data are encrypted and integrity protected to ensure personal data from accidental, unauthorized or unlawful access, use, modification, disclosure, loss, destruction or damage (EU GDPR Article 5) [20]. Previous generations did not focus neither on the concealment of the user permanent identity nor on the frequent update of the temporary identity, while the user data were not integrity protected.…”

Section: E Legislation and Directives In Telecommunicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Identifying Threats and Quantifying Cybersecurity Risks of Mnos Deploying Heterogeneous Rats

et al. 2020

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Wireless networks constitute a significant attack vector for adversaries due to their wide usage in our everyday life. As the fifth generation of wireless networks reaches maturity, several vulnerabilities affecting earlier generations have been resolved. Nevertheless the coexistence of legacy wireless technologies is giving rise to the risk of allowing adversaries to perform downgrade attacks, thus bypassing the improved security of the state-of-the-art communication networks. Vulnerabilities due to the trade-off between security and usability could also exist in the latest wireless networking technologies; hence mobile network operators need to be aware of the risks related to both protocol vulnerabilities and configuration defects. The paper proposes a methodology for the systematic identification of vulnerabilities associated with wireless access protocols and systems and the quantitative evaluation of the resulting risks for mobile operators using attack trees and based on the current legislative frameworks. The proposed methodology has been designed to aid both, mobile operators towards planning more effective cybersecurity strategies and adopt efficient defences to minimise the probability of an attack and predict its impact on the operational, market and business aspects of mobile network operators. The proposed risk assessment analysis is evaluated over three distinct vertical scenarios, namely an emergency call, a high-speed train commute and a massive public event, with the most relevant threats and their impact being measured and discussed. The evaluation of the model revealed significant results for mobile network operators that are deploying a mix of legacy and state of the art cellular technologies.

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“…With the rapid development of wireless communication, there are tighter requirements such as throughput, spectrum utilization, very low latency, and massive device connectivity for the 5G system [1]- [3]. Due to the limitations of frequency-domain and time-domain resource elements (REs), the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA)based is hard to meet increasing application demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Codebook Design for Uplink SCMA

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is one of the most intensively investigated non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques for the fifth generation communication (5G) system. In this paper, a new multi-stage optimization approach for codebook design is proposed for the uplink SCMA system. The proposed schemes includes two parts: i) multi-dimensional mother constellation design ii) mapping matrix design. Firstly, the multi-dimensional complex mother constellation design is implemented by a series of twodimensional real constellations which can be obtained by the lattice theory and the symbol switch algorithm (SSA). The Secondly, we construct user-specific mapping matrix by optimizing the phase rotation of the user constellation to effectively reduce the interference between the multi-user codewords superimposed on every single time-domain resource elements (REs). Finally, the multi-user codebooks are generated by combining the multi-dimensional mother constellation and the user-specific mapping matrix. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed codebooks can greatly decrease bit error rate (BER) value compared to the existing codebooks under different channels, different codebook sizes and different overloading ratios, and the performance is also improved for the large-scale SCMA codebook. More importantly, in order to verify the proposed codebook applicability, two different message passing algorithm (MPA) are used to simulate the SCMA system with different codebook sizes, both of which obtain faster convergence speed and better BER performance than other existing codebooks.INDEX TERMS SCMA, codebook design, mapping matrix, BER, message passing algorithm.

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GDPR Interference With Next Generation 5G and IoT Networks

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Securing Public Safety Communications on Commercial and Tactical 5G Networks: A Survey and Future Research Directions

Securing Public Safety Communications on Commercial and Tactical 5G Networks: A Survey and Future Research Directions

On Identifying Threats and Quantifying Cybersecurity Risks of Mnos Deploying Heterogeneous Rats

An Efficient Codebook Design for Uplink SCMA

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