“…The biodistribution of a drug formulation in the body determines whether its payload could accumulate in the target site. 45,46 Although the delivery of NPs benefits from various targeting strategies, including not only passive targeting based on an EPR effect, but also active targeting, such as stimulus responsive, chemokine, and acceptor-ligand mediation approaches, the actual therapeutic efficacy remains not as high as expected. 47 For example, it was reported that less than 10% of the systemically administered dose accumulated within the lesion site, and in many cases there was no significant improvement in patient outcomes.…”