GEANT4 simulation of electron energy deposition in extended media

Kadri, O.; Ivanchenko, V. N.; Gharbi, F.; Trabelsi, A.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2007.02.088

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…To determine the experimental β anisotropy only the upper half of the β spectrum was considered as the lower part was too much distorted by scattered electrons and was, in addi- tion, contaminated with the conversion electron lines from the decay of 57 Co.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nuclear polarization P depends on the temperature of the sample and on the magnetic hyperfine interaction µB where µ( 60 Co) = +3.790 (8)µ N [51] and B = B ext (1 + K) with the Knight Shift for Co in Cu being K = +0.052(2) [44,47]. The fraction f was obtained from the γ anisotropies of 57 Co and 60 Co after the temperature had been first obtained from the 54 Mn(Ni) thermometer. The factor v/c requires the knowledge of the initial velocity of the β particle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A GEANT4 [52] based Monte-Carlo routine was developed to deal with these effects [53]. For the final analysis the complete experiment was therefore simulated assuming for A the Standard-Model value and using for the fraction f and the nuclear polarization P the values obtained from the analysis of the 57 Co, 60 Co, and 54 Mn γ ray anisotropies. The experimental β-asymmetry parameter was then extracted from the ratio…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since all nuclear and hyperfine properties of this sample are accurately known and the degree of orientation in this kind of experiment follows a Boltzmann distribution, there is a one to one relation between the anisotropy of the 835 keV γ line from the decay of 54 Mn and the temperature of the sample holder [50]. The purpose of the 57 Co in the copper sample foil itself, in addition to the 60 Co, was to cross check the degree of orientation of the 60 Co nuclei.…”

Section: A Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision measurements of theCo60β-asymmetry parameter in search for tensor currents in weak interactions

et al. 2010

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The β-asymmetry parameter A for the Gamow-Teller decay of 60 Co was measured by polarizing the radioactive nuclei with the brute force low-temperature nuclear-orientation method. The 60 Co activity was cooled down to milliKelvin temperatures in a 3 He-4 He dilution refrigerator in an external 13 T magnetic field. The β particles were observed by a 500 µm thick Si PIN diode operating at a temperature of about 10 K in a magnetic field of 0.6 T. Extensive GEANT4 Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to gain control over the systematic effects. Our result, A = −1.014 (12)stat (16)syst, is in agreement with the Standard-Model value of −0.987(9), which includes recoil-order corrections that were addressed for the first time for this isotope. Further, it enables limits to be placed on possible tensor-type charged weak currents as well as other physics beyond the Standard Model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision measurements of theCo60β-asymmetry parameter in search for tensor currents in weak interactions

et al. 2010

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“…The details of the simulation process are described in [23]. Simulation of products of the neutrino interactions in the PØD is done using a GEANT 4.9.4 simulation [24][25][26][27]. The standard GEANT physics list for electromagnetic interactions is used in the simulation.…”

Section: A Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the electron neutrino charged-current interaction rate on water with the T2K ND280π0detector

Abe¹,

Adam²,

Aihara³

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. D

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This paper presents a measurement of the charged current interaction rate of the electron neutrino beam component of the beam above 1.5 GeV using the large fiducial mass of the T2K π 0 detector. The predominant portion of the ν e flux (∼85%) at these energies comes from kaon decays. The measured ratio of the observed beam interaction rate to the predicted rate in the detector with water targets filled is 0.89 AE 0.08ðstatÞ AE 0.11ðsysÞ, and with the water targets emptied is 0.90 AE 0.09ðstatÞ AE 0.13 ðsysÞ. The ratio obtained for the interactions on water only from an event subtraction method is 0.87 AE 0.33ðstatÞ AE 0.21ðsysÞ. This is the first measurement of the interaction rate of electron neutrinos on water, which is particularly of interest to experiments with water Cherenkov detectors.

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Determining the energy spectrum of clinical linear accelerator using an optimized photon beam transmission protocol

Choi

Park

et al. 2019

Medical Physics

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Purpose: The complex beam delivery techniques for patient treatment using a clinical linear accelerator (linac) may result in variations in the photon spectra, which can lead to dosimetric differences in patients that cannot be accounted for by current treatment planning systems (TPSs). Therefore, precise knowledge of the fluence and energy spectrum (ES) of the therapeutic beam is very important. However, owing to the high energy and flux of the beam, the ES cannot be measured directly, and validation of the spectrum modeled in the TPS is difficult. The aim of this study is to develop an efficient beam transmission measurement procedure for accurately reconstructing the ES of a therapeutic x-ray beam generated by a clinical linac. Methods: The attenuation of a 6 MV photon beam from an Elekta Synergy Platform clinical linac through different thicknesses of graphite and lead was measured using an ion chamber. The response of the ion chamber as a function of photon energy was obtained using the Monte Carlo (MC) method in the Geant4 simulation code. Using the curves obtained in the photon beam transmission measurements and the ion chamber energy response, the ES was reconstructed using an iterative algorithm based on a mathematical model of the spectrum. To evaluate the accuracy of the spectrum reconstruction method, the reconstructed ES (ES recon ) was compared to that determined by the MC simulation (ES MC ). Results: The ion chamber model in the Geant4 simulation was well validated by comparing the ion chamber perturbation factors determined by the TRS-398 calibration protocol and EGSnrc; the differences were within 0.57%. The number of transmission measurements was optimized to 10 for efficient spectrum reconstruction according to the rate of increase in the spectrum reconstruction accuracy. The distribution of ES recon obtained using the measured transmission curves was clearly similar to the reference, ES MC , and the dose distributions in water calculated using ES recon and ES MC were similar within a 2% local difference. However, in a heterogeneous medium, the dose discrepancy between them was >5% when a complex beam delivery technique composed of 171 control points was used. Conclusions: The proposed measurement procedure required a total time of approximately 1 h to obtain and analyze 20 transmission measurements. In addition, it was confirmed that the transmission curve of high-Z materials influences the accuracy of spectrum reconstruction more than that of low-Z materials. A well-designed transmission measurement protocol suitable for clinical environments could be an essential tool for better dosimetric accuracy in patient treatment and for periodic verification of the beam quality.

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GEANT4 simulation of electron energy deposition in extended media

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Precision measurements of theCo60β-asymmetry parameter in search for tensor currents in weak interactions

Precision measurements of theCo60β-asymmetry parameter in search for tensor currents in weak interactions

Measurement of the electron neutrino charged-current interaction rate on water with the T2K ND280π0detector

Determining the energy spectrum of clinical linear accelerator using an optimized photon beam transmission protocol

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