Gear Shape Parameter Measurement Using a Model-Based Scanning Multi-Distance Measurement Approach

Pillarz, Marc; Freyberg, Axel von; Fischer, Andreas

doi:10.3390/s20143910

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The plumb line distance between the measuring point and the nominal geometry of the tooth flank is displayed enlarged. Figure 2 is modified according to [ 20 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors

Pillarz

Freyberg

Stöbener

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The demand for extensive gear shape measurements with single-digit µm uncertainty is growing. Tactile standard gear tests are precise but limited in speed. Recently, faster optical gear shape measurement systems have been examined. Optical gear shape measurements are challenging due to potential deviation sources such as the tilt angles between the surface normal and the sensor axis, the varying surface curvature, and the surface properties. Currently, the full potential of optical gear shape measurement systems is not known. Therefore, laser triangulation and confocal-chromatic gear shape measurements using a lateral scanning position measurement approach are studied. As a result of tooth flank standard measurements, random effects due to surface properties are identified to primarily dominate the achievable gear shape measurement uncertainty. The standard measurement uncertainty with the studied triangulation sensor amounts to >10 µm, which does not meet the requirements. The standard measurement uncertainty with the confocal-chromatic sensor is <6.5 µm. Furthermore, measurements on a spur gear show that multiple reflections do not influence the measurement uncertainty when measuring with the lateral scanning position measurement approach. Although commercial optical sensors are not designed for optical gear shape measurements, standard uncertainties of <10 µm are achievable for example with the applied confocal-chromatic sensor, which indicates the further potential for optical gear shape measurements.

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“…The plumb line distance between the measuring point and the nominal geometry of the tooth flank is displayed enlarged. Figure 2 is modified according to [ 20 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors

Pillarz

Freyberg

Stöbener

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…Auerswald et al [25] use an optical laser line triangulation sensor for measuring the tooth contour of large metal cylindrical involute gears. Pillarz et al [26] also use an optical approach consisting of a confocal-chromatic distance sensor combined with a rotary table to measure the tooth flank. Tanaka et al [27] analysed the scattering of a laser beam to detect pitting of metal gears.…”

Section: Current Methods and Designs For In Situ Gear Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ investigation of the influence of varying load conditions on tooth deformation and wear of polymer gears

Herzog

Wolf

Schubert

et al. 2022

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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A new method for in situ deformation and wear measurement of polymer gears has been developed at the LKT and validated for polyamide-66 (PA66) gears at constant loading torque and rotational speed. This contribution contains a more comprehensive validation of the newly developed test method by examining polybutylenterephtalate (PBT) gears under varying loading conditions. The deformation test method is based on measuring and analysing the timing differences between the index pulse signals of rotary encoders on the input and output shaft of the test rig. Since the total tooth deformation is a combination of different effects, such as elastic and plastic deformation, thermal expansion and wear, different testing modes with a low and a high torque level are implemented to separate the effects of elastic deformation on the one hand and plastic deformation and wear on the other hand. As a consequence, the new test rig design allows a deeper understanding of the wear and deformation behaviour of polymer steel gear sets over time. This potential is used to analyse the interactions of different loading conditions on the time-dependent deformation of plastic gears. The influence of both, different transmitting torques and rotational speeds is examined.The test method shows good correlation with well-established ex situ measurements for different combinations of rotational speeds and loading torques and thus could be validated. Long-term gear tests under varying rotational speeds and loading torques show increasing wear and deformation at higher speeds and torques confirming the state of the art described in the literature. In addition, the time dependent deformation behaviour at different load conditions due to superposition of wear and plastic deformation could be analysed in detail.

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“…Then, select measurable parameters from the actual product and decide how to measure them. As for the measurement method, the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and 3D scanner, which can extract the entire shape, are most commonly used, and other methods such as micrometer, vernier calipers, and microscopes are used to measure the dimensions of specific parts [14,15]. When the shape measurement is completed, it can be digitized into a 2D or 3D shape through a post-processing process, and using this, geometric design parameters must be extracted through the mathematical relationship of the gear tooth shape.…”

Section: Reverse Engineering Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse engineering of geometric design parameters using shape information of non‐standard spur gear

Kim,

Jun,

Park

et al. 2024

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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In this study, we conducted research on a method to reverse engineer geometric design parameters from the shape information of gears. The module and normal pressure angle were tracked using the bisection method, and the profile shift coefficient was extracted from the relationship between the working pitch circle diameter, center distance modification coefficient, and working pressure angle. It was confirmed that there are limitations to reverse engineering the shape using only a coordinate measuring machine or 3D scanner because various geometric information is additionally required to trace back the design requirements for gear strength. Finally, the gear tooth bending strength was calculated using finite element analysis and theoretical formula, and through this, the required level of gear strength design was inferred, and the verification of the gear reverse engineering method presented in this study was attempted.

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Gear Shape Parameter Measurement Using a Model-Based Scanning Multi-Distance Measurement Approach

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors

Gear Shape Measurement Potential of Laser Triangulation and Confocal-Chromatic Distance Sensors

In situ investigation of the influence of varying load conditions on tooth deformation and wear of polymer gears

Reverse engineering of geometric design parameters using shape information of non‐standard spur gear

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