Gedanite and Gedano-Succinite

Stout, Edith C.; Beck, Curt W.; Kosmowska-Ceranowicz, Barbara

doi:10.1021/bk-1995-0617.ch007

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The degree of inclination of the Baltic shoulder has been related to the degree of preservation of the resin, with a zero degree of inclination denoting wellpreserved resins and the negative increase of the band being directly correlated to the degree of oxidation of the succinite (Stout et al, 1995;Domínguez-Bella et al, 2001).…”

Section: Determining the Geological Origins Of Ambermentioning

confidence: 99%

Amber Sources and Trade in the Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula

Murillo-Barroso

Martinón‐Torres

2012

Eur. j. archaeol.

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The use of amber is documented in the Iberian peninsula since the Palaeolithic. The procurement and trade of this fossil resin has often been considered in discussions of long-distance trade and the emergence of social complexity, but so far no comprehensive view of the Iberian evidence has been produced to allow a more overarching interpretive model. This paper presents the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization of archaeological amber from three Iberian prehistoric sites: a necklace recovered from the megalithic site of Palacio III (Almadén de la Plata, Sevilla), a pommel from PP4 Montelirio (Valencina de la Concepción, Sevilla), and a necklace from the Muricecs de Cellers cave (Llimiana, Pallars Jussà, Lleida). Based on these new data and a review of the literature, we present an overview that outlines fluctuations in the use of amber since the Upper Palaeolithic and demonstrates long-distance amber exchange connecting Iberia with northern Europe and the Mediterranean region since the Chalcolithic period at least. We discuss changes in the origins and cultural use of amber and their implications for the consolidation of trade networks.

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Section: Determining the Geological Origins Of Ambermentioning

confidence: 99%

Amber Sources and Trade in the Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula

Murillo-Barroso

Martinón‐Torres

2012

Eur. j. archaeol.

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“…Thanks to these early studies, it is now established that succinite, a specific type of Baltic amber often erroneously and simplistically labelled as ‘Baltic amber’, shows a unique and characteristic spectrum (Beck et al 1964, 1965). Many other amber types have been recognized on the basis of characteristic IR spectra: simetite from Sicily (Beck 1966; Beck and Hartnett 1993); French pseudosuccinite (Beck and Liu 1976), rumanite (or rumaenite) from Romania (Beck 1986; Stout et al 2000), beckerite (Beck et al 1986; Krumbiegel 1999), and gedanite and gedano‐succinite (Stout et al 1995). However, because of the complexity of the formation process and the heterogeneity of the original resin material, the IR spectra are not always unambiguously interpreted, and as a matter of fact many amber samples do not show readily distinctive spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological Ambers From Northern Italy: An Ftir–drift Study of Provenance by Comparison With the Geological Amber Database*

Angelini

Bellintani

2005

Archaeometry

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European geological ambers of five different localities and types, and Italian geological ambers from seven different deposits have been studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffuse‐reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT). Ambers from several localities have been characterized for the first time. The research aims to create a database of European ambers, containing both FTIR and DRIFT data. The FTIR spectra are easily comparable with the data commonly available in the literature, whereas DRIFT analyses are shown to be more useful to characterize the archaeological finds. The provenance of several archaeological ambers from northern and southern Italy, dating from the Middle Bronze Age to the Iron Age, is assessed on the basis of the developed database. Of the 35 analysed archaeological objects, all but five are composed of Baltic succinite amber.

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“…2,3,4 Maturation over the years induce further crosslinking, isomerization and cyclization reactions among others. Because amber is mostly an insoluble polymer of high molecular weight, chemical characterization of its components has relied in techniques such as solid-state FT-IR 7,8 and NMR [9][10][11] . Infrared spectroscopy is a rapid and reliable method to identify and characterize fossil resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assignment of vibrational spectra of labdatriene derivatives and ambers: A combined experimental and density functional theoretical study

Villanueva-García¹,

Martínez‐Richa²,

Robles³

2005

Arkivoc

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In this paper we present a theoretical study of the observed IR spectra of some samples of amber. We compare them to theoretically obtained spectra for a model of this natural polymer. The model assumes that communic acid and communol are plausible precursors in the natural polymerization of amber. We employ an electronic structure method at the BP86 density functional theory level. Our electronic structure methodology is found to be appropriate for the study and rationalization of the spectra of the chosen amber samples, with very good agreement with the observed spectra.

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Gedanite and Gedano-Succinite

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Amber Sources and Trade in the Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula

Amber Sources and Trade in the Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula

Archaeological Ambers From Northern Italy: An Ftir–drift Study of Provenance by Comparison With the Geological Amber Database*

Assignment of vibrational spectra of labdatriene derivatives and ambers: A combined experimental and density functional theoretical study

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