Gefahren der Übertragung von Krankheitserregern durch Schildzecken in Deutschland

Dobler, Gerhard; Fingerle, Volker; Hagedorn, Peter; Pfeffer, Martin; Silaghi, Cornelia; Tomaso, Herbert; Henning, Klaus; Niedrig, Matthias

doi:10.1007/s00103-013-1921-0

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These ticks were selected because they have been shown to feed robustly in vitro . Moreover, A. americanum ticks transmit tularemia in the US and related species of Ixodes ticks have been shown to harbor F. tularensis in Europe and parts of Asia (Rechav et al, 1999; Castellaw et al, 2010; Brown et al, 2011; Dobler et al, 2014). An in vitro method using glass capillary tubes (Rechav et al, 1999) was used to feed ticks human erythrocytes containing F. tularensis LVS or bacteria that had been liberated from these host cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role and Mechanism of Erythrocyte Invasion by Francisella tularensis

Schmitt

Barnes

Rogerson

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Francisella tularensis is an extremely virulent bacterium that can be transmitted naturally by blood sucking arthropods. During mammalian infection, F. tularensis infects numerous types of host cells, including erythrocytes. As erythrocytes do not undergo phagocytosis or endocytosis, it remains unknown how F. tularensis invades these cells. Furthermore, the consequence of inhabiting the intracellular space of red blood cells (RBCs) has not been determined. Here, we provide evidence indicating that residing within an erythrocyte enhances the ability of F. tularensis to colonize ticks following a blood meal. Erythrocyte residence protected F. tularensis from a low pH environment similar to that of gut cells of a feeding tick. Mechanistic studies revealed that the F. tularensis type VI secretion system (T6SS) was required for erythrocyte invasion as mutation of mglA (a transcriptional regulator of T6SS genes), dotU, or iglC (two genes encoding T6SS machinery) severely diminished bacterial entry into RBCs. Invasion was also inhibited upon treatment of erythrocytes with venom from the Blue-bellied black snake (Pseudechis guttatus), which aggregates spectrin in the cytoskeleton, but not inhibitors of actin polymerization and depolymerization. These data suggest that erythrocyte invasion by F. tularensis is dependent on spectrin utilization which is likely mediated by effectors delivered through the T6SS. Our results begin to elucidate the mechanism of a unique biological process facilitated by F. tularensis to invade erythrocytes, allowing for enhanced colonization of ticks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role and Mechanism of Erythrocyte Invasion by Francisella tularensis

Schmitt

Barnes

Rogerson

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…However, hedgehogs also represent a public health risk due to the possible transmission of zoonotic vector-borne pathogens, such Borrelia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum and tick-borne encephalitis virus in the case of ticks, and Bartonella spp. in the case of fleas, among others [ 4 , 5 ]. The epidemiological importance of hedgehogs as reservoirs of these pathogens is currently unknown, but Borrelia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectoparasites of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Germany and their health impact

Schütte,

Springer,

Brandes

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Background The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is known for high levels of ectoparasitism that not only represents a health risk for the animals themselves, but also for pet animals and humans as hedgehogs are frequently taken into human care. In the present study, patterns of ectoparasite infestation were assessed in hedgehogs taken into care at northern German animal rehabilitation centres. Methods Ectoparasites (ticks, fleas and mites) of 498 hedgehogs were collected over a period of 3 years from July 2018 to May 2021. Species were identified based on morphological characteristics and also via amplification and sequencing of the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COX-2) gene for fleas of the family Ceratophyllidae. Seasonal changes in infestation patterns as well as correlations with animal age, body weight and health status were assessed using generalised linear models. Results Infestation with ticks, fleas and mites occurred throughout the year. Overall, 86.5% (431/498) of the examined hedgehogs were infested with ticks, 91.4% (455/498) with fleas and 17.7% (88/498) with mites.Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes hexagonus/Ixodes canisuga were the most common tick species detected, with the additional occurrence of one Ixodes frontalis. Significant seasonal changes were observed for I. ricinus, but not for I. hexagonus/I. canisuga. Additionally, I. ricinus nymph prevalence declined significantly as of 2020, probably as a consequence of the climate change-related drought as of 2018. In hedgehogs with flea infestations, Archaeopsylla erinacei, Ceratophyllus sciurorum, Nosopsyllus fasciatus and Ctenocephalides felis were identified. In all cases of mite infestation, Caparinia tripilis was detected, in addition to specimens of the family Macronyssidae and free-living mites of the family Acaridae. Statistical analyses showed correlations regarding the factors month, year, body weight and age, but no correlation was evident regarding the health status of the animals. Conclusions With a detected infestation rate of 98.6%, almost all of the examined hedgehogs were infested with at least one ectoparasite species. The seasonal activity patterns of the different ectoparasite species together with the complex annual cycle of hedgehogs lead to different seasonal patterns in ectoparasite prevalence and infestation intensities. Due to the risk of transmission of zoonotic pathogens as well as the possible negative impact on the host itself, hedgehogs should be treated against ectoparasites when taken into care facilities. Graphical Abstract

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“…In Germany, up to 24 tick species, which belong to seven different genera, are present. Nevertheless, Ixodes ricinus remains the most widespread tick species in Germany [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] and represents the most important vector for tick-borne pathogens [ 4 , 5 ]. Bacterial tick-borne pathogens cause infectious diseases such as Lyme borreliosis or rickettsioses and threaten human and animal health worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Infection of Potential Tick-Borne Pathogens of the Order Rickettsiales and Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. and Their Link to Season and Area in Germany

Hoffmann

Müller

Fingerle³

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The prevalence of potential human pathogenic members of the order Rickettsiales differs between Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-positive and -negative tick microbiomes. Here, co-infection of members of the order Rickettsiales, such as Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Wolbachia pipientis, and Neoehrlichia mikurensis as well as B. burgdorferi s.l. in the tick microbiome was addressed. This study used conventional PCRs to investigate the diversity and prevalence of the before-mentioned bacteria in 760 nucleic acid extracts of I. ricinus ticks detached from humans, which were previously tested for B. burgdorferi s.l.. A gltA gene-based amplicon sequencing approach was performed to identify Rickettsia species. The prevalence of Rickettsia spp. (16.7%, n = 127) and W. pipientis (15.9%, n = 121) were similar, while A. phagocytophilum was found in 2.8% (n = 21) and N. mikurensis in 0.1% (n = 1) of all ticks. Co-infection of B. burgdorferi s. l. with Rickettsia spp. was most frequent. The gltA gene sequencing indicated that Rickettsia helvetica was the dominant Rickettsia species in tick microbiomes. Moreover, R, monacensis and R. raoultii were correlated with autumn and area south, respectively, and a negative B. burgdorferi s. l. finding. Almost every fifth tick carried DNA of at least two of the human pathogenic bacteria studied here.

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Gefahren der Übertragung von Krankheitserregern durch Schildzecken in Deutschland

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

The Role and Mechanism of Erythrocyte Invasion by Francisella tularensis

The Role and Mechanism of Erythrocyte Invasion by Francisella tularensis

Ectoparasites of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Germany and their health impact

Co-Infection of Potential Tick-Borne Pathogens of the Order Rickettsiales and Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. and Their Link to Season and Area in Germany

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