Phase evolution behaviour of lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) and nickel oxide-yttria stabilized zirconia (NiO-YSZ) composite from the respective oven dried fuel -metal nitrate gels (citrate-metal nitrate for LSM and glycine-metal nitrate for NiO-YSZ) was studied using TG-DTA, XRD and FTIR. The TG-DTA revealed sharp exotherms around 200 o and 221 o C attributed to the setting in of combustion of gels of LSM and NiO-YSZ respectively. The XRD results indicated formation of nanocrystalline LSM and NiO-YSZ phases above 200 o and 221 o C respectively. The FTIR spectra of LSM and NiO-YSZ gels heated above 200 o and 221 o C exhibited characteristic absorption bands corresponding to metal-oxygen vibrations in LSM and NiO-YSZ indicating formation of the respective compounds. However, chemical and phase pure LSM and NiO formed above 700 o C indicate the minimum calcination temperature to be used in the processing. The role of calcination treatment on powder characteristics in the temperature range of 700 o to 1350 o C was studied. With increasing calcination temperature of the as-formed powders, the characteristics such as crystallite size, median particle size (D 50 ), green density of the compacts increased while specific surface area decreased. Typical sintering studies at 1400 o and 1450 o C revealed that sinterability and per cent linear shrinkage decreased with increasing calcination temperature. However, the required amount of porosity for SOFC application could be obtained with incorporation of a pore former in case of LSM and varying the sintering time in case of NiO-YSZ composite.
IntroductionSolid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an electrochemical energy conversion device with high efficiency and low pollution. This converts the electrochemical energy of fuels like hydrogen, methane, etc into electrical energy. It consists of cathode, electrolyte and anode. Lanthanum strontium manganite (La 0.84 Sr 0.16 MnO 3 , LSM) is one of the best cathode materials used in SOFC. The most versatile system for the anode is nickel-8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia cermet (Ni-8YSZ) because of its good electrocatalytic properties and low price. It is obtained by in situ reduction of NiO-YSZ composite. Electrolyte used is 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia. The role of cathode is to reduce oxygen into the oxide ions and the role of anode is to allow an oxidation of fuel to generate electricity. 1 Thermal expansion coefficient of anode and cathode should be comparable with the electrolyte. The anode and the cathode must have chemical compatibility with the other cell components and both should have sufficient