Gel Permeation Chromatography with High Loads

Determination of molecular weight distributions of polymerized petroleum pitch by gel permeation chromatography with quinoline eluent

“…For the larger sample size, the resulting GPC curve showed a higher concentration of larger molecules. Altgelt (19) and Dawkins (20) also reported this same phenomenon for other GPC systems and attributed the faster-than-expected elution of molecules to a gel-solute repulsion. They (19,20) found that the degree of repulsion increased with increasing molecular weight and that the GPC curves also were influenced by concentration.…”

“…Altgelt (19) and Dawkins (20) also reported this same phenomenon for other GPC systems and attributed the faster-than-expected elution of molecules to a gel-solute repulsion. They (19,20) found that the degree of repulsion increased with increasing molecular weight and that the GPC curves also were influenced by concentration. This nonideal elution behavior of the molecules present in the TI-QS fraction of pitches was eliminated after reductive hydrogenation.…”

Theory of concentration effects in gel permeation chromatography

“…Viscosity Phenomena. It has been postulated (31) and experimentally proved (32) that = ?7spec dX (25) where i/spec is the specific viscosity of polymer solution related to pure solvent, the constant is defined by Equation 29. The dependence r;spec on 7 may be expressed in terms of virial expansion Details of Calculation, cf.…”

“…Can tow et al (30) observed exceptionally a stronger effect of concentration with samples having a broad distribution compared to those with a narrow distribution. Altgelt (31) assigns concentration effects at particularly high concentrations to secondary exclusion. The review just outlined shows that up to now no paper has been published in which the likely causes of concentration effects would be treated in a complex manner.…”