Gelatin porous scaffolds fabricated using a modified gas foaming technique: Characterisation and cytotoxicity assessment

Poursamar, S. Ali; Hatami, Javad; Lehner, Alexander N.; Silva, Cláudia L. da; Ferreira, Frederico Castelo; Antunes, A Paula M

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.074

Cited by 83 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Rapid depressurization causes thermodynamic instability and leads to form nucleated gas cells creating pores inside the polymer matrix. This technique is suitable for amorphous and semicrystalline polymers having relatively low T g or T m and high affinity for CO 2 [83]. Instead of carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas can also be used for this method.…”

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Porous Materials from Natural/Synthetic Biopolymers and Their Composites

et al. 2016

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Biopolymers and their applications have been widely studied in recent years. Replacing the oil based polymer materials with biopolymers in a sustainable manner might give not only a competitive advantage but, in addition, they possess unique properties which cannot be emulated by conventional polymers. This review covers the fabrication of porous materials from natural biopolymers (cellulose, chitosan, collagen), synthetic biopolymers (poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) and their composite materials. Properties of biopolymers strongly depend on the polymer structure and are of great importance when fabricating the polymer into intended applications. Biopolymers find a large spectrum of application in the medical field. Other fields such as packaging, technical, environmental, agricultural and food are also gaining importance. The introduction of porosity into a biomaterial broadens the scope of applications. There are many techniques used to fabricate porous polymers. Fabrication methods, including the basic and conventional techniques to the more recent ones, are reviewed. Advantages and limitations of each method are discussed in detail. Special emphasis is placed on the pore characteristics of biomaterials used for various applications. This review can aid in furthering our understanding of the fabrication methods and about controlling the porosity and microarchitecture of porous biopolymer materials.

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Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Porous Materials from Natural/Synthetic Biopolymers and Their Composites

et al. 2016

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“…[26] Gelatin foams have also been reported in the literature; however, the processing methods are incompatible with cell addition during the process of scaffold fabrication. [20,50,51] Here, the use of GelMA was advantageous, since gelatin has an intrinsic foaming capacity, which makes it ideal for generat-ing foams without the need of extra surfactants or other foaming agents. [36] Gelatin can adsorb at the air-water interface due to the exposure of hydrophobic regions during protein unfolding that will be oriented to the gaseous phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leachable‐Free Fabrication of Hydrogel Foams Enabling Homogeneous Viability of Encapsulated Cells in Large‐Volume Constructs

Salvador

Oliveira

2020

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The popularity of cell-laden injectable hydrogels has steeply increased due to their compatibility with minimally invasive surgical procedures. However, the diffusion of indispensable molecules for cell survival through bulk hydrogel structures, particularly oxygen, is often limited to micrometric distances, often hampering cell viability or uniform tissue formation in constructs with clinically relevant sizes. The introduction of micropores in hydrogels or the use of oxygen-generating materials has enabled combining advantages of porous 3D scaffolds with the injectability properties of in situ-solidifying hydrogels. Here, cell-laden injectable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) foams are fabricated using a single polymer formulation. Air bubbles are introduced into GelMA solutions using a simple-to-implement method based on pulling/pushing the solution through a syringe. Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from the adipose tissue (hASCs) cultured in bulk hydrogels (diameter c.a. 5 mm) show low permanence in the core of the materials and stain for factors associated to hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1)) after 7 days of culture. In opposition, cells cultured in optimized foams do not stain for HIF-1 , show high permanence, homogeneous viability, and consistent phenotype in the whole depth of the biomaterials, while secreting increased amounts of regenerative growth factors to the surrounding medium.

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“…The porogen leaching method uses pore generators such as salts and carbonated molecules which are mixed with polymeric solution and then leached out to create pores . On the other hand, a porosity can also be generated by a foaming method, where amphiphilic surfactants incorporated play a key role in air gas bubbling to create porous foamed scaffolds . The type of foaming agent and the time and degree of foaming determine the pore size and porosity.…”

Section: Biomaterials Used For Liver Regeneration: a Brief Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials and Culture Technologies for Regenerative Therapy of Liver Tissue

Pérez

Jung

Kim

2016

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Regenerative approach has emerged to substitute the current extracorporeal technologies for the treatment of diseased and damaged liver tissue. This is based on the use of biomaterials that modulate the responses of hepatic cells through the unique matrix properties tuned to recapitulate regenerative functions. Cells in liver preserve their phenotype or differentiate through the interactions with extracellular matrix molecules. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of the engineered biomaterials, such as stiffness and surface topography, need to be tailored to induce appropriate cellular functions. The matrix physical stimuli can be combined with biochemical cues, such as immobilized functional groups or the delivered actions of signaling molecules. Furthermore, the external modulation of cells, through cocultures with nonparenchymal cells (e.g., endothelial cells) that can signal bioactive molecules, is another promising avenue to regenerate liver tissue. This review disseminates the recent approaches of regenerating liver tissue, with a focus on the development of biomaterials and the related culture technologies.

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Gelatin porous scaffolds fabricated using a modified gas foaming technique: Characterisation and cytotoxicity assessment

Cited by 83 publications

References 65 publications

Fabrication of Porous Materials from Natural/Synthetic Biopolymers and Their Composites

Fabrication of Porous Materials from Natural/Synthetic Biopolymers and Their Composites

Leachable‐Free Fabrication of Hydrogel Foams Enabling Homogeneous Viability of Encapsulated Cells in Large‐Volume Constructs

Biomaterials and Culture Technologies for Regenerative Therapy of Liver Tissue

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