Gelatin Size as a PH and Moisture Content Buffer in Paper

Baty, John; Barrett, Timothy J.

doi:10.1179/019713607806112332

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Based on our data we believe these declines in pH were not a result of increasing alum concentrations but rather a result of decreasing concentrations of gelatine and Ca compounds (Figures 8 and 9). Our view is based on previous work demonstrating that gelatine can act as a pH buffer (Baty and Barrett 2007). Also, calcium carbonate is a common alkaline reserve added to modern papers designed for long-term applications to counter acidic compounds that may be in the paper or may enter it in the future.…”

Section: Alum and Calcium Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Analysis of 14th–19th Century European Handmade Papers

Barrett

Ormsby

Lang

2016

Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material

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Non-destructive analysis of 1,578 paper specimens made between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries was undertaken in an effort to better understand changes in paper composition over time and how these variations might affect paper stability during long term natural ageing. Gelatine content and colour were determined using UV/Vis/NIR spectrometry. Residual metals were measured using XRF. These components included potassium and sulfur as elements indicative of alum concentration; iron as a typical paper contaminant; and calcium, which is often associated with compounds such as calcium carbonate that can serve as alkaline reserves. The research demonstrated that papers that are lighter in colour (closer to white) are associated with higher levels of gelatine and calcium, and lower levels of iron. The survey also showed significant decreases in gelatine and calcium concentration over time with the largest differences coinciding with the rise of printing around 1500. The drop in pH over the centuries observed by other researchers is explained by the decreases in these two components rather than by a rise in alum concentration, which remained fairly stable. The craftsmanship of the specimens was evaluated using materials and workmanship ratings which showed better quality paper associated with higher gelatine and calcium concentrations and colour closer to white. Poorer quality papers were associated with higher iron levels and greater thickness.

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Section: Alum and Calcium Carbonatementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Analysis of 14th–19th Century European Handmade Papers

Barrett

Ormsby

Lang

2016

Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material

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“…Gelatin has also been observed to function as a weak pH buffer. [ 39 ] When RO solvent is used, the pH remains within a range of 6.5–7, which lessens the extent of gelatin hydrolysis as shown by the calculated average molecular weight. In the PBS solvent, the pH is maintained by the buffer at 7.4 which also contributes to a similar hydrolysis rate as the RO solvent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)‐Based Bioinks for Visible Light Stereolithographic 3D Biofabrication

Kumar

Sakthivel

Mohamed

et al. 2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Bioinks play a key role in determining the capability of the biofabricatoin processes and the resolution of the printed constructs. Excellent biocompatibility, tunable physical properties, and ease of chemical or biological modifications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) have made it an attractive choice as bioinks for biomanufacturing of various tissues or organs. However, the current preparation methods for GelMA‐based bioinks lack the ability to tailor their physical properties for desired bioprinting methods. Inherently, GelMA prepolymer solution exhibits a fast sol–gel transition at room temperature, which is a hurdle for its use in stereolithography (SLA) bioprinting. Here, synthesis parameters are optimized such as solvents, pH, and reaction time to develop GelMA bioinks which have a slow sol–gel transition at room temperature and visible light crosslinkable functions. A total of eight GelMA combinations are identified as suitable for digital light processing (DLP)‐based SLA (DLP‐SLA) bioprinting through systematic characterizations of their physical and rheological properties. Out of various types of GelMA, those synthesized in reverse osmosis (RO) purified water (referred to as RO‐GelMA) are regarded as most suitable to achieve high DLP‐SLA printing resolution. RO‐GelMA‐based bioinks are also found to be biocompatible showing high survival rates of encapsulated cells in the photocrosslinked gels. Additionally, the astrocytes and fibroblasts are observed to grow and integrate well within the bioprinted constructs. The bioink's superior physical and photocrosslinking properties offer pathways of tuning the scaffold microenvironment and highlight the applicability of developed GelMA bioinks in various tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

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“…6 Baty and Barrett confirmed gelatin's anticipated ability to act as a pH buffer in paper. 7 They also documented the higher moisture holding capacity of a gelatin sized paper compared with an unsized control, although the net impact of this latter effect on paper permanence and durability is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of gelatin content in historical papers using NIR spectroscopy

Ormsby¹,

Barrett²,

Lang³

et al. 2011

Preprint

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Gelatin sizing was a key ingredient during the handpapermaking era. The gelatin concentration in historical papers has never been well documented, however, because measuring the gelatin content required destructive sampling. In this project we developed a non-destructive method using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Gelatin concentrations of 40 historical papers from the 15th-18th centuries were determined from amino acid (AA) concentrations by using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. These values were combined with NIR spectra from the same papers to generate a model for predicting concentrations of unknowns. If a NIR measurement predicted a gelatin concentration in the range 0-6 percent then there is a 95% probability that the difference between the NIR model value and a destructive AA measurement would be between -1.6 and +1.3 percentage points. For 6-8 percent there is a 95% probability the difference would be between -2.0 and +1.5 percentage points, and for 8-12 percent the difference is between -3.0 and +2.0 percentage points. In a study of 159 specimens from books, loose leaves, and artworks printed from 1460-1791, the means for all papers were quite high in the 15th century and dropped an average of 20% every 50 years. Possible explanations for the decline are offered.

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Gelatin Size as a PH and Moisture Content Buffer in Paper

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Non-Destructive Analysis of 14th–19th Century European Handmade Papers

Non-Destructive Analysis of 14th–19th Century European Handmade Papers

Designing Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)‐Based Bioinks for Visible Light Stereolithographic 3D Biofabrication

Estimation of gelatin content in historical papers using NIR spectroscopy

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