Gelatine sizing and discoloration: A comparative study of optical spectra obtained from ancient and artificially aged modern papers

Missori, Mauro; Righini, M.; Dupont, Anne-Laurence

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2006.02.004

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The UV and visible ranges were not used because various tests indicated that they introduced more noise without improving the model. Missori et al, demonstrated the effects of gelatin sizing on the reflectance of paper, 17 and it was expected that including the UV-VIS range would enhance the model. The relatively poor sensitivity of the system in the UV range may explain the results in that region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of gelatin content in historical papers using NIR spectroscopy

Ormsby¹,

Barrett²,

Lang³

et al. 2011

Preprint

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Gelatin sizing was a key ingredient during the handpapermaking era. The gelatin concentration in historical papers has never been well documented, however, because measuring the gelatin content required destructive sampling. In this project we developed a non-destructive method using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Gelatin concentrations of 40 historical papers from the 15th-18th centuries were determined from amino acid (AA) concentrations by using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. These values were combined with NIR spectra from the same papers to generate a model for predicting concentrations of unknowns. If a NIR measurement predicted a gelatin concentration in the range 0-6 percent then there is a 95% probability that the difference between the NIR model value and a destructive AA measurement would be between -1.6 and +1.3 percentage points. For 6-8 percent there is a 95% probability the difference would be between -2.0 and +1.5 percentage points, and for 8-12 percent the difference is between -3.0 and +2.0 percentage points. In a study of 159 specimens from books, loose leaves, and artworks printed from 1460-1791, the means for all papers were quite high in the 15th century and dropped an average of 20% every 50 years. Possible explanations for the decline are offered.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of gelatin content in historical papers using NIR spectroscopy

Ormsby¹,

Barrett²,

Lang³

et al. 2011

Preprint

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“…Paper degradation on aging occurs by the weakening of mechanical properties of the sheets and by yellowing. These phenomena are caused by a combination of two interdependent degradation routes: (a) acid hydrolysis of the cellulose polymeric chains, which weaken the mechanical properties of the sheets [65,69] and (b) oxidation of materials with subsequent development of chromophores and other byproducts, and discoloration of the remaining substratum [69][70][71]. Cellulose oxidation running through the radical mechanism initiated by active oxygen species is a complex process giving final products still to be clarified [69,[72][73][74][75].…”

Section: Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical optical spectroscopy of complex systems

Conte¹,

Violante²,

Missori

et al. 2013

Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena

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We review here some of the most reliable and efficient computational theoretical ab initio techniques for the prediction of optical and electronic spectroscopic properties and show some important applications to molecules, surfaces, and solids. We investigate the role of the solvent in the optical absorption spectrum of indole molecule. We study the excited-state properties of a photo-active minimal model molecule for the retinal of rhodopsin, responsible for vision mechanism in animals. We then show a study about spectroscopic properties of Si(1 1 1) surface. Finally we simulate a bulk system: paper, that is mainly made of cellulose, a pseudo-crystalline material representing 40% of annual biomass production in the Earth. (C) 2013 Elsevier BAT. All rights reserved

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“…Yellowing of paper has been attributed to photochemical reactions, which can be especially problematic for paper containing lignin [1,2]. Missori et al [3] compared the optical spectra of ancient and artificially aged paper to show that discolouration in paper may be the result of chemical changes in gelatin sizing that occur as a result of aging. Discolouration of paper used in historical documents can also be due to a type of stain known as foxing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%