Gelling Agents, Micro and Nanogels in Food System Applications

Munir, Neelma; Hasnain, Maria; Waqif, Huma; Adetuyi, Babatunde Oluwafemi; Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Olisah, Michael Chinedu; Chikwendu, Chukwudi Jude; Uche, Chukwuemelie Zedech; Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Kingsley C.; Sayed, Amro

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98820-3_10

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Gel formation occurs as a consequence of the combination of a straightforward polymer dispersion or particle suspension with an extrinsically modifiable temperature or solution composition [16]. As a consequence of this, the process of converting sol-gels typically involves the aggregation of either particles or macromolecules, with the end result being the formation of a network that encompasses the entire volume of the container [15,17]. Gelation reactions can be roughly classified into two categories: those that are driven by physical forces (e.g., heat and pressure) and those that are induced by chemical processes (e.g., acidic, ionic, and enzymatic processes) [18,19].…”

Section: Conditions Necessary For the Formation Of Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Food Hydrogels: Principles, Formation Mechanisms, Microstructure, and Its Applications

Nath

Debnath

Sridhar

et al. 2022

Gels

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Food hydrogels are effective materials of great interest to scientists because they are safe and beneficial to the environment. Hydrogels are widely used in the food industry due to their three-dimensional crosslinked networks. They have also attracted a considerable amount of attention because they can be used in many different ways in the food industry, for example, as fat replacers, target delivery vehicles, encapsulating agents, etc. Gels—particularly proteins and polysaccharides—have attracted the attention of food scientists due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, nutritional properties, and edibility. Thus, this review is focused on the nutritional importance, microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and food hydrogel applications of gels. This review also focuses on the structural configuration of hydrogels, which implies future potential applications in the food industry. The findings of this review confirm the application of different plant- and animal-based polysaccharide and protein sources as gelling agents. Gel network structure is improved by incorporating polysaccharides for encapsulation of bioactive compounds. Different hydrogel-based formulations are widely used for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds, food texture perception, risk monitoring, and food packaging applications.

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Section: Conditions Necessary For the Formation Of Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Food Hydrogels: Principles, Formation Mechanisms, Microstructure, and Its Applications

Nath

Debnath

Sridhar

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…In fact, this process changes a turbid microemulsion into a nearly transparent nanoemulsion, while the volume fraction of oil in water remains unchanged. Nanoemulsions have been studied extensively due to their superior stability. − For example, they have been investigated for drug delivery , and food preservation , thanks to their abilities to encapsulate bioactive and antimicrobial compounds. − Their small droplet size, texture, and optical clarity have also made them ideal vehicles for delivering active ingredients in cosmetics . In addition, nanoemulsions have shown promises in the oil and gas industry as potential agents for heavy oil recovery. , In all these different applications, accurate characterization of nanoemulsions is important. ,, Optical techniques, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), have been utilized to measure the size distribution of oil droplets in nanoemulsions. ,,− However, in thick and/or concentrated nanoemulsions, multiple and/or dependent scattering may occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigorous Accounting for Dependent Scattering in Thick and Concentrated Nanoemulsions

Martinez,

Bhanawat,

Yalçin

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Concentrated and thick oil-in-water nanoemulsions have been observed to become more transparent with increasing oil volume fraction. This study demonstrates rigorously experimentally and numerically that such unusual behavior is due to dependent scattering including not only far-field but also near-field effects. Indeed, when the droplet concentration is sufficiently large, their interparticle distance becomes small compared to the wavelength of light and scattering by a given droplet may be affected by the proximity of others. This situation is referred to as dependent scattering. Light transfer through nanoemulsions and other colloids has previously been modeled by solving the radiative transfer equation accounting for dependent scattering using the static structure factor based on far-field approximations. Here, oil-in-water nanoemulsions were prepared with oil volume fraction ranging between 1 and 20% and a peak droplet radius of 16 nm. The spectral normal−hemispherical transmittance of the different nanoemulsions in 10 mm thick cuvettes was measured experimentally between 400 and 900 nm. Numerical predictions for nonoverlapping randomly distributed nanoscale oil droplets in water and accounting for dependent scattering including near-field effects�using the recently developed radiative transfer with reciprocal transactions (R 2 T 2 ) method�were in excellent agreement with experimental measurements. Simulations revealed that assuming independent scattering underestimated the normal−hemispherical transmittance even for a relatively small oil volume fraction. Additionally, simulations using the dense medium radiative transfer (DMRT) and static structure factor predicted that dependent scattering prevailed for oil volume fractions slightly greater than those predicted by the R 2 T 2 method. Interestingly, the DMRT method predicted large increases in transmittance when the oil droplet size and volume fraction were larger than 10 nm and 10%, respectively. Finally, simulations also revealed that dependent scattering enables the design of oil-in-water nanoemulsions to backscatter or absorb light by tuning the oil droplet size and volume fraction. The results validate that the R 2 T 2 method could be used to characterize nanoemulsions or to investigate their formation, composition, and stability for drug delivery, food, and cosmetics applications. Future studies could extend the use of the R 2 T 2 method to colloidal suspensions with particles of arbitrary shapes and to radiation transfer of polarized light in turbid media.

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“…Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have broad applications in food (especially in food packaging), cosmetics (in moisturizer, makeup and hair care products) [5], clothing and in the environmental sector (water and air purification) [6]. Global nanomaterial application has already contaminated the ecosystem, mainly silver nanomaterial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Silver Nanoparticles to Enhance Metabolite Accumulation and Biodiesel Production in New Algal Resources

et al. 2022

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Biofuel generation from algae can be increased by using nanotechnology. The present study emphasizes the use of silver nanoparticles on algae for algal fuel generation along with the impact of nanoparticles on biomass, metabolites and lipid profile. Silver ion amassing was enhanced in each algal species, but maximum phytoremediation was found in Ulothrix sp. Carbohydrates increased 3.2 times in Oedogonium sp., 3.3 times in Ulothrix sp., 3 times in Cladophora sp. and 2.7 times in Spirogyra sp. Additionally, the application of nanoparticles enhanced by 2 times the production of proteins in Oedogonium sp., 1.9 times in Ulothrix sp., 1.9 times in Cladophora sp. and 2.1 times in Spirogyra sp. Finally, the total lipid yield increased 60% DCW in Oedogonium sp., 56% DCW in Ulothrix sp., 58% DCW in Cladophora sp. and 63% DCW in Spirogyra sp. using 0.08 mg/L silver nanoparticle application. The lipids and fatty acid fractions from algae containing high concentrations of C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 enhanced with silver nanoparticle addition were comparable with EN 14214 and ASTM 6751 biodiesel standards. This study indicates that the uptake of AgNPs can enhance the production of fatty acids and be commercialized as sustainable biodiesel. The algae Ulothrix sp. is evidenced as the best competent feedstock for biofuel production.

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Gelling Agents, Micro and Nanogels in Food System Applications

Cited by 18 publications

References 55 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Food Hydrogels: Principles, Formation Mechanisms, Microstructure, and Its Applications

A Comprehensive Review of Food Hydrogels: Principles, Formation Mechanisms, Microstructure, and Its Applications

Rigorous Accounting for Dependent Scattering in Thick and Concentrated Nanoemulsions

Applying Silver Nanoparticles to Enhance Metabolite Accumulation and Biodiesel Production in New Algal Resources

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