Geminiviruses and Plant Hosts: A Closer Examination of the Molecular Arms Race

Ramesh, S. V.; Sahu, Pranav Pankaj; Prasad, Manoj; Praveen, Shelly; Pappu, H. R.

doi:10.3390/v9090256

Cited by 78 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 148 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…This replication-related protein initiates viral replication by a combination of rolling-circle replication and recombination-dependent replication (Fontes et al, 1994;Hanley-Bowdoin et al, 1999Ramesh et al, 2017). The dsDNA is then transcribed by the host RNA polymerase II, allowing the production of C1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear autophagy degrades a geminivirus nuclear protein to restrict viral infection in solanaceous plants

Zhang

et al. 2019

New Phytologist

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Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway in the cytoplasm and has emerged as a key defense mechanism against invading pathogens. However, there is no evidence showing nuclear autophagy in plants.Here, we show that a geminivirus nuclear protein, C1 of tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus (TLCYnV) induces autophagy and interacts directly with the core autophagy-related protein ATG8h. The interaction between ATG8h and C1 leads to the translocation of the C1 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the decreased protein accumulation of C1, which is dependent on the exportin1-mediated nuclear export pathway. The degradation of C1 is blocked by autophagy inhibitors and compromised when the autophagy-related genes (ATGs) ATG8h, ATG5, or ATG7 are knocked down. Similarly, silencing of these ATGs also promotes TLCYnV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and Solanum lycopersicum plants.The mutation of a potential ATG8 interacting motif (AIM) in C1 abolishes its interaction with ATG8h in the cytoplasm but favors its interaction with Fibrillarin1 in the nucleolus. TLCYnV carrying the AIM mutation displays enhanced pathogenicity in solanaceous plants.Taken together, these data suggest that a new type of nuclear autophagy-mediated degradation of viral proteins through an exportin1-dependent nuclear export pathway restricts virus infection in plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear autophagy degrades a geminivirus nuclear protein to restrict viral infection in solanaceous plants

Zhang

et al. 2019

New Phytologist

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“…Recognition of viral double-stranded (ds)RNA is a major mechanism in plant antiviral defence via RNA silencing and pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). dsRNA is a common pattern formed during replication of RNA and DNA viruses (Paudel and Sanfaçon, 2018;Pumplin and Voinnet, 2013;Ramesh et al, 2017). Antiviral RNA silencing is initiated by cytosolic dicer-like proteins, which bind and cleave the dsRNA into short-interfering RNAs (siRNA) (Guo et al, 2019;Yang and Li, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of double‐stranded RNA in plant antiviral immunity

Niehl

Heinlein

2019

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary RNA silencing and antiviral pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) both rely on recognition of double‐stranded (ds)RNAs as defence‐inducing signals. While dsRNA recognition by dicer‐like proteins during antiviral RNA silencing is thoroughly investigated, the molecular mechanisms involved in dsRNA perception leading to antiviral PTI are just about to be untangled. Parallels to antimicrobial PTI thereby only partially facilitate our view on antiviral PTI. PTI against microbial pathogens involves plasma membrane bound receptors; however, dsRNAs produced during virus infection occur intracellularly. Hence, how dsRNA may be perceived during this immune response is still an open question. In this short review, we describe recent discoveries in PTI signalling upon sensing of microbial patterns and endogenous ‘danger’ molecules with emphasis on immune signalling‐associated subcellular trafficking processes in plants. Based on these studies, we develop different scenarios how dsRNAs could be sensed during antiviral PTI.

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“…Geminiviruses (family: Geminiviridae) is the largest group of plant viruses possessing a circular single-stranded DNA genome, which is encapsidated into incomplete twinned icosahedral particles (Fauquet et al 2008, Ramesh et al 2017. According to ICTV, the family Geminiviridae comprises nine genera: Becurtovirus, Begomovirus, Capulavirus, Curtovirus, Eragrovirus, Grablovirus, Mastrevirus, Topocuvirus, and Turncurtovirus; classified based on genome organization and vector transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense- and antisense-mediated resistance against Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in Nicotiana benthamiana

Gogoi¹,

Kaldis²,

Dasgupta³

et al. 2019

Biol. plant.

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Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) is the principal causal agent of cassava mosaic disease in the Indian subcontinent. To gain resistance against the virus, the coat protein (CP) gene, namely the AV1 of SLCMV-Adivaram isolate, was cloned in either sense or antisense orientation under the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A total of eight T1 transgenic lines, four harboring the CP-sense construct and four harboring the CP-antisense construct were challenged with agro-infectious clones of SLCMV DNA-A and DNA-B. Based on symptom exhibition at 20 days post inoculation, 3 out of the 4 CP-sense transgenic lines and all 4 CP-antisense transgenic lines showed a high level of resistance against SLCMV. In addition, a delay in symptom initiation was observed in all the transgenic lines inoculated with a high viral load at agro-dilution 1:625 from an absorbance (A600) of 1. However, the resistance was more prominent at a lower viral load of 1:1000 agro-dilution. The viral titer was lower in the SLCMV-challenged transgenic lines compared to the non-transgenic N. benthamiana plants as confirmed by quantitative PCR and dot blot analysis. Furthermore, small RNA Northern blot analysis revealed lowered amounts of virus-specific small interfering RNAs in the resistant transgenic lines as compared to the non-transgenic plants upon SLCMV infection, which correlates to lower virus titers due to resistance against the virus.

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Geminiviruses and Plant Hosts: A Closer Examination of the Molecular Arms Race

Cited by 78 publications

References 148 publications

Nuclear autophagy degrades a geminivirus nuclear protein to restrict viral infection in solanaceous plants

Nuclear autophagy degrades a geminivirus nuclear protein to restrict viral infection in solanaceous plants

Perception of double‐stranded RNA in plant antiviral immunity

Sense- and antisense-mediated resistance against Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in Nicotiana benthamiana

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