Gender and age disparities in the associations of occupational factors with alcohol abuse and smoking in the French working population

Abstract

Background. -This study assessed the associations of short-term employment, physical and psychological occupational demands, and job dissatisfaction with alcohol abuse (using the Audit-C test) and daily smoking among working French men and women in different age groups.Methods. -The sample included 13,241 working people, 18-29, 30-39, and 40-59-years-old, randomly selected in France and interviewed by phone. Occupation, type of employment, physical demands, psychological demands, job dissatisfaction, gender, age, educational level, and income were considered. Data were analyzed with logistic models.Results. -Alcohol abuse affected 20.4% of men and 7.5% of women; smoking 32.1% and 24.2%, respectively. Their patterns of association with the occupational factors varied with gender and age. Job dissatisfaction was the leading factor among young men (adjusted odds ratio for alcohol abuse and smoking: 1.71 and 2.02), whereas short-term employment was the leading factor among young women (1.69 and 1.58), this pattern being reversed in older generations. The pattern of associations of physical and psychological demands with outcomes is more complex, but overall psychological demands were more important for women (especially the younger ones) than men, especially for smoking (OR > 1.6). Smoking within 5 min after waking was much more common among male and female smokers with these occupational factors, suggesting a potential dependency.Conclusions. -Workers with short-term employment and occupational demands are subject to a higher risk for alcohol abuse and smoking with high gender and age disparities. Gender and age should be considered when designing measures to prevent substance abuse related to occupation. # 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Occupational inequalities in psychoactive substance use: A question of conceptualization?

“…Similarly, the self-medication hypothesis by Khantzian (2003) could serve as explanation for highrisk consumption patterns amongst disadvantaged occupational groups. There is also evidence that short-term employment is associated with an increased risk for problematic alcohol and tobacco use as well as dependence (Legleye, Baumann, Peretti-Watel, & Chau, 2011). In this context, and with regard to our findings yielding an increased risk for alcohol and cannabis use amongst marginally employed males (results are close to significance; see Tables 3 and 4), it seems to be important to include additional indicators of working conditions in the analyses (e.g.…”

The role of occupational activities and work environment in occupational injury and interplay of personal factors in various age groups among Indian and French coalminers

“…This pointed the role of cumulative effect of a number of hazards that affected most miners. The injuries were generally directly related to the tasks and those hazards with increasing tiredness or improper posture had higher risks of injury (data not shown) [13]. These findings were expected as most of the miners IJOMEH 2013;26(6)…”

“…Year after year, worldwide, this phenomenon is a commonplace for workers, which results in high injury rates for demanding tasks. The injury risk can also be influenced by individuals' characteristics such as social stratification factors including low education, lower socio-occupational category, younger or older age, unhealthy behaviors (smoking, alcohol misuse, obesity, lack of leisure physical and sports activity), altered health status, sleep disorders, mental disorders, and chronic diseases [2][3][4][5][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. During the last 2 decades research studies have shown that these factors influence the injury risk through physical/mental capacity, knowledge, experience, risk perception, and perceived prevention benefits.…”

“…As a result, after several years of working, diseases or a premature weakening may lead to workers being more prone to certain types of occupational injuries [3,12]. Furthermore, many workers consume some substances in order to cope with adverse work conditions, which also contributes to an alteration of health status and working capacities [13,19]. Those people need to be monitored and should be given appropriate job in order to reduce their injury risk.…”

Associação entre a satisfação no trabalho e o uso de álcool: revisão sistemática

“…A insatisfação no trabalho foi o principal fator entre os ho mens jovens (odds ratio ajustado para abuso de álcool e tabagismo: 1,71 e 2,02), en quanto o emprego em curto prazo foi o principal fator entre mulheres jovens (1,69 e 1,58), sendo esse padrão revertido em gerações mais velhas. Isso equivale a dizer que os trabalhadores com emprego em curto prazo e com altas demandas ocupacionais estão sujeitos a um maior risco de abuso de álcool e tabagismo com altas disparidades de gênero e idade (Legleye, Baumann, PerettiWatel, Beck, & Chau, 2011).…”