Gender and agricultural mechanization: A mixed-methods exploration of the impacts of multi-crop reaper-harvester service provision in Bangladesh

Institute, International Food Policy Research

doi:10.2499/p15738coll2.133260

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Under such circumstances, women in farm households have less time for agricultural activities with increased domestic chores and care obligations (Koning, Anderson, & Bin-Humam, 2020), but contrary evidence shows that countrywide suspension of transport generates labor shortages during the Boro harvesting cycle (Mamun, 2020) filled up by a female member of the family. After harvesting, women often conduct all post-harvest tasks as unpaid family labor, increasing their time poverty (Pandey et al, 2010;Theis et al, 2019).…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Labor market and unpaid works implications of COVID‐19 for Bangladeshi women

Sarker

2020

Gender Work & Organization

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Crisis impacts are never gender‐neutral, and COVID‐19 is no exception. The pandemic has further exacerbated the gender and socioeconomic inequalities, therefore, crucial to undertake a gender impact analysis of COVID‐19. This perspective paper highlights women's vulnerability in the labor market and focused on the increasing unpaid workloads in the response to the COVID‐19 outbreak. Focusing on various surveys, feminized sectors such as agriculture, garments have been hardest hit by the pandemic. Female workers have been rapidly lost their means to earn income and confined to homes. Beyond lost jobs and reduced working hours, the pandemic has also increased the time poverty of women. While pre‐pandemic unpaid work burdens are well established as strong, the study indicates that burdens are escalated after‐pandemic. Women balanced intensified unpaid care and domestic works simultaneously or make a tradeoff, without or minimal help from men. Such results suggest a gender‐inclusive policy to minimize the effects of the pandemic, placing women at the center of focus.

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Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Labor market and unpaid works implications of COVID‐19 for Bangladeshi women

Sarker

2020

Gender Work & Organization

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“…The guidelines on the selection of SIP sites also exhibit a lack of GESI consideration. The majority of poor and women farmers rely on homestead lands and plots located in marginalized areas (e.g., Khas lands) for their livelihoods (Theis et al, 2019). These are not considered appropriate for the installation of SIPs, given the predominant focus on commercially viable SIP models providing irrigation services against payment of fees, as opposed to models that encourage individual ownership by smallholder farmers (Mitra et al, 2021).…”

Section: Gesi Considerations In Energy Policies In Bangladesh and Nepalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can water, energy, and food policies in support of solar irrigation enable gender transformative changes? Evidence from policy analysis in Bangladesh and Nepal

Khadka,

Uprety,

Shrestha

et al. 2024

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) are emerging as a popular technology to address water, energy, and climate change challenges in South Asia while enhancing livelihoods and food security. SIPs are deemed to be a women-friendly renewable energy technology (RET) due to their design, operating system, and safety. While the gender dimensions of natural resources are well documented, the extent to which the water, energy, and food (WEF) policies—including policies to promote SIP technologies in the countries of South Asia—conceptualize and operationalize gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) is not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we reviewed 39 WEF sectoral policies of Bangladesh and Nepal by adopting a gender-transformative analysis approach to rank the policies on a continuum ranging from a scale of 0–3 (denoting gender-unaware, gender-aware, gender-responsive, and gender-transformative). We found that the governments in both countries commit to gender equality and women’s advancement in their WEF sector policies, institutions, and decision-making by ensuring gender and justice principles in their constitutions and national development frameworks. However, these higher-level aspirational principles are not always operationalized in the WEF sector policies. We found that the WEF policies are aware of the need to include GESI and social equity in sectoral programming, yet operational rules for their implementation often fail to challenge structural barriers. Such barriers hinder women and marginalized groups from participating in and benefiting from WEF policies, including the deployment of SIP technologies. This calls for a transformation not only in project implementation but also in the policymaking processes of WEF sectors in the South Asian region.

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“…Where draught powers from small tractors are applied to grain milling, women experienced reduced drudgery in pounding and/or travelling to the otherwise distant power mills (Paris et al, 2011). Mechanical rice planting, which can partly be facilitated by tractors, or mechanical harvesters, sometimes increases women's labour productivity through greater involvement in the decision‐making process in Asia (Theis et al, 2019; Vemireddy & Choudhary, 2021).…”

Section: Agricultural Mechanisation and Gendered Labour Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural mechanisation and gendered labour activities across sectors: Micro‐evidence from multi‐country farm household data

Takeshima

2023

J Agricultural Economics

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The gender difference in employment across sectors is a critical element of gender inequality in rural livelihoods and welfare in developing countries. The role of production technologies, including agricultural mechanisation, in addressing gender inequality is increasingly explored. Knowledge gaps remain, however, including how agricultural mechanisation differentially affects labour engagements across sectors. This study aims to partly fill these knowledge gaps through micro‐evidence from seven countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, India, Nepal and Vietnam), using several nationally representative panel data and supplementary data and applying correlated random effects double‐hurdle models with instrumental variables. We find that the use of tractors and/or combine harvesters by the household induces a greater shift from farm activities to non‐farm activities by female members than by male members. While statistical significance varies, these patterns generally hold consistently across all seven countries studied. These patterns also hold across different farm sizes. While these are short‐term relations, agricultural mechanisation proxied by tractors and/or combine harvesters is one of the crucial contributors to gendered rural livelihood. Future studies should more closely investigate these patterns' underlying mechanisms and implications.

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Gender and agricultural mechanization: A mixed-methods exploration of the impacts of multi-crop reaper-harvester service provision in Bangladesh

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Labor market and unpaid works implications of COVID‐19 for Bangladeshi women

Labor market and unpaid works implications of COVID‐19 for Bangladeshi women

Can water, energy, and food policies in support of solar irrigation enable gender transformative changes? Evidence from policy analysis in Bangladesh and Nepal

Agricultural mechanisation and gendered labour activities across sectors: Micro‐evidence from multi‐country farm household data

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