Gender and Preferences in the Labor Market: Insights from Experiments

Adversarial Economic Preferences Predict Right-Wing Voting

“…The economic literature on competitiveness was initiated by papers that focused on documenting gender differences (Gneezy, Niederle, and Rustichini, 2003;Niederle and Vesterlund, 2007;Croson and Gneezy, 2009;Niederle and Vesterlund, 2011;Niederle, 2016;Dariel et al, 2017). Later studies have shown that competitiveness predicts career choices and labor market outcomes with competitive people sorting into more prestigious and higherpaid careers (Buser, Niederle, and Oosterbeek, 2014;Reuben, Sapienza, and Zingales, 2015;Buser, Niederle, and Oosterbeek, 2021;Buser, Peter, and Wolter, 2022;Lozano, Ranehill, and Reuben, 2022). Another large literature in behavioral and experimental economics studies the tendency of humans to be reciprocal.…”

“…I add to this model by investigating the role of "adversarial" preferences: competitiveness, negative reciprocity, distrust, and selfishness. A large literature in experimental economics shows that preferences for competition, willingness to engage in negative reciprocity, trust and other social preferences vary strongly across individuals and predict behavior outside the lab (Fehr andGächter, 1998, 2000;Zak and Knack, 2001;Fehr and Schmidt, 2006;Fehr, 2009;Croson and Gneezy, 2009;Niederle and Vesterlund, 2011;Lozano, Ranehill, and Reuben, 2022).…”

Overconfidence and Preferences for Competition

“…Other papers in the literature are described in footnote 2. For a survey, seeLozano, Ranehill, and Reuben (2023).…”

The Impact of the Menstrual Cycle on Bargaining Behavior

“…For dictator games it has been found that cognitive ability affects offers made to beneficiaries. There is also evidence that external factors affect gender differences in bargaining (for reviews, see e.g.,Mazei et al, 2015;Hernandez-Arenaz and Iriberri, 2019;Lozano et al, 2023). 2 Recent evidence byRanehill et al (2018) shows no relation between artificial and natural female sex hormones (in the form of hormonal contraceptives and menstrual cycle phases) and economic preferences (such as competitiveness, altruism, and risk preferences).…”