Gender and Sexual Orientation Bullying Victimization are Associated with Gun Carrying Among Adolescent Boys

Ganson, Kyle T.

doi:10.1007/s10560-020-00689-x

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These findings are particularly salient as they are independent of several potential confounding factors, including multiple forms of bullying victimization, avoiding school due to lack of safety, and being threatened or injured at school with a weapon. Presumably, outside the context of muscle-building exercise, these factors would increase one’s likelihood of carrying a weapon and/or engaging in physical fighting for self-protection ( Ganson & Nagata, 2020 ; Pham et al, 2017 ; Shetgiri et al, 2015 ; Van Geel et al., 2014 ). Additionally, these findings are independent of team sports participation, which would presumably account for the high engagement in muscle-building exercise (i.e., for sports-related purposes) via practices and training ( Nagata et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Do not count the days when you carried a gun only for hunting or for a sport, such as target shooting. )” Response options for each question were dichotomized to zero (0) days and one (1) or more days ( Ganson & Nagata, 2020 ; Jewett et al, 2021 ; Pham et al, 2017 ; Vaughn et al., 2012 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body mass index was calculated (BMI = weight/height 2 ) and converted into sex and age-specific percentiles in accordance with CDC growth curves and definitions for children under 18 ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022 ). These variables were adjusted for given empirical associations with muscle-building behaviors ( Nagata, Ganson, et al, 2020 ; Nagata et al, 2019 ) and weapon carrying and physical fighting ( Ganson & Nagata, 2020 ; Jewett et al, 2021 ; Van Geel et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle-Building Exercise and Weapon Carrying and Physical Fighting Among U.S. Adolescent Boys

Ganson

Testa

Rodgers

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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This study aimed to determine the association between engagement in muscle-building exercise and weapon carrying and physical fighting among adolescent boys. Cross-sectional data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (U.S.) were analyzed ( N = 4120). Muscle-building exercise was assessed based on the number of days reported in the past 7 days, recategorized into four levels of engagement (no engagement [0 days], low engagement [1–2 days], moderate engagement [3–5 days], and high engagement [6–7 days]). Three forms of weapon carrying (general, on school grounds, gun carrying) and two forms of physical fighting (general, on school grounds) were assessed. Five logistic regression analyses with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to determine the association between engagement in muscle-building exercise and weapon carrying and physical fighting, while adjusting for relevant demographic and control variables. Over 75% of participants reported engaging in muscle-building exercise. One in five (19.8%) participants reported any general weapon carrying in the past 30 days, 3.3% reported any weapon carrying at school in the past 30 days, 6.5% reported any gun carrying in the past 12 months, 28.0% reported any general physical fighting in the past 12 months, and 10.7% reported any physical fighting at school in the past 12 months. Logistic regressions showed that, compared to no engagement, participants who reported high engagement of muscle-building exercise had higher odds of general weapon carrying (AOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.54–3.07), gun carrying (AOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.23–3.64), and general physical fighting (AOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.53–2.79). These are novel findings that add to a growing literature related to engagement in muscularity-oriented behaviors among males. Prevention and intervention efforts are needed to ensure that adolescent boys engage in muscle-building exercise in ways that are not harmful and to reduce weapon carrying and physical fighting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle-Building Exercise and Weapon Carrying and Physical Fighting Among U.S. Adolescent Boys

Ganson

Testa

Rodgers

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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“…However, while the GFSZA and GFSA are both federal laws, in some states, K-12 schools can permit students in possession of a permit to carry a gun [2,3]. Many studies have shown an association between being the victim of bullying and carrying a weapon, particularly a firearm [4][5][6][7]. The different manifestations of bullying have varying likelihoods of carrying firearms [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have shown an association between being the victim of bullying and carrying a weapon, particularly a firearm [4][5][6][7]. The different manifestations of bullying have varying likelihoods of carrying firearms [4][5][6]. It is also evident that differences in victim classes (non-victims, those who experience different types of bullying, and those who are highly victimized) may not be good predictors of the likelihood to carry a firearm [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bullying Victimization as a Risk Factor for Gun Carrying Among US Adolescents

Sumner¹,

Ganz²,

Jacobs³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Schools are a place for learning and education, and in a learning environment, everyone should feel safe. Gun violence is a serious concern for students and teachers alike in a school setting. There may be a multifaceted explanation for why a student would be carrying a firearm or any other weapon in school. Our research explores the association between being a victim of bullying and carrying a firearm. The national Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System survey was utilized to assess the increased incidents of bully victims carrying firearms. Several efforts, including the passing of laws, have been made to prevent the carrying of firearms. However, additional attempts must be made to reduce bullying in schools as well, so that students do not feel the need to carry a weapon, and schools can be a safe environment for everyone.

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Proposing and testing the pathways from bullying victimization to bringing a weapon to school

Hong,

Zhuang,

Thornberg

et al. 2023

J Clin Psychol

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ObjectiveThe current study examined whether bullying victimization was associated with bringing a weapon to school, fully or partly mediated by feeling unsafe in school, negative future education orientation, and skipping school.MethodData from 6199 students (12–18 years old), who had filled out the 2017 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, were analyzed.ResultsThe results showed a positive association between bullying victimization and bringing a weapon to school. The link was both direct and indirect through the mediating roles of feeling unsafe in school, having a negative future education orientation, and skipping school.ConclusionThus, victims of bullying tended to feel unsafe in school, have a negative future education orientation, and skip school—all of which were positively associated with bringing a weapon to school.

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Gender and Sexual Orientation Bullying Victimization are Associated with Gun Carrying Among Adolescent Boys

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Muscle-Building Exercise and Weapon Carrying and Physical Fighting Among U.S. Adolescent Boys

Muscle-Building Exercise and Weapon Carrying and Physical Fighting Among U.S. Adolescent Boys

Bullying Victimization as a Risk Factor for Gun Carrying Among US Adolescents

Proposing and testing the pathways from bullying victimization to bringing a weapon to school

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