“…There has been considerable prior research examining gender differences in firm performance using a variety of metrics such as firm closure rates, sales and profits (see, for example, Bosma et al, 2004;Fairlie and Robb, 2009;Fasci and Valdez, 1998;Honig, 1998;Loscocco et al, 1991;Robb, 2002;Rosa et al, 1996). From their review of this literature, Klapper and Parker (2011, p. 243) conclude that 'women entrepreneurs tend to underperform relative to their male counterparts.'…”