Gender and Stroke Symptoms

Beal, Claudia C.

doi:10.1097/jnn.0b013e3181ce5c70

Cited by 105 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…People in such settings live in a socio-economic context with fewer facilities accessible or available, and fewer services that enable patients to live at home under acceptable conditions and lessen the care-giving burden. Our results are consistent with the literature according to which stroke knowledge is related to the country, age, education and medical history [41]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Women are protected from cerebrovascular diseases relative to men because of female sex hormones, oestrogen, progesterone and possibly because of the mechanisms of ischaemic cell death in the female and male brain [40]. One systematic review of the literature on the knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning signs performed in 2008 reported that women had a better knowledge of stroke than men in most studies [41]. Women are more likely than men to report non-specific ‘somatic’ symptoms and change in mental status [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life Satisfaction of Two-Year Post-Stroke Survivors: Effects of Socio-Economic Factors, Motor Impairment, Newcastle Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Measure and World Health Organization Quality of Life – bref of Informal Caregivers in Luxembourg and a Rural Area in Portugal

Baumann

Lurbe

Leandro³

et al. 2012

Cerebrovasc Dis

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Background: Life satisfaction of stroke survivors is known to be associated with socio-economic factors and the survivor’s and his/her caregiver’s quality of life, but their respective influence remains to be fully elucidated. Purpose: To analyse the stroke survivors’ life satisfaction 2 years after the event and its relationships with quality of life, socio-economic and stroke-related characteristics, and with informal caregivers’ life satisfaction and quality of life . Methods: Over 18 months, all stroke patients from Luxembourg and north-eastern Portugal who lived at home were identified from the Inspection Générale de la Sécurité Sociale and hospital records, respectively. The clinical diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease was confirmed. We excluded all patients who declared that stroke did not result in neurological impairments at the time of stroke from the statistical analysis. The samples comprised 79 patients in Luxembourg and 48 in Portugal. Patients and the people they identified as their main caregivers were interviewed using validated questionnaires measuring life satisfaction, i.e. the Newcastle Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (Newsqol – 11 subscales), which identifies the areas affected by stroke among patients, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life – bref (Whoqol-bref – 4 subscales) of informal caregivers. Survivors without neurological impairment at the time of stroke were excluded. Data were analysed via multiple-regression models. Results: Life satisfaction was higher among women and lower among subjects with impaired motor functions. It was lower among Portuguese respondents with low-level education (<12th grade) and higher among those at work (37.6/100). In Luxembourg, retired people had more life satisfaction than did working people (–7.9/100). Controlling for socio-economic factors, life satisfaction was associated with feelings- Newsqol (slope 0.25) among Luxembourg residents, and with feelings-, mobility- and self-care-Newsqol (slopes 0.24, 0.27 and 0.33, respectively) among Portuguese respondents. Life satisfaction of patients was strongly related to that of family caregivers among the Portuguese respondents (slope 0.66) but the relationship was moderate in Luxembourg (slope 0.28). The survivors’ life satisfaction was not correlated with any Whoqol-bref domain in the Luxembourg group, but was correlated with the Whoqol-bref psychological, social relationships and environment domains among the Portuguese respondents (slopes 0.55, 0.59 and 0.51, respectively). Conclusions: The life satisfaction scale and the Newsqol stroke instrument, which identify areas of quality of life affected by stroke, are reliable patient-centred markers of intervention outcome. They can be used within the framework of medical follow-up (such as telephone assistance, clinical practice and prevention). Depending on the stroke survivor’s and the family caregiver’s habitual lifestyle and material circumstances, enhancement of a caregiver’s quality of life can help maintain the patient’s life satisfaction, ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Satisfaction of Two-Year Post-Stroke Survivors: Effects of Socio-Economic Factors, Motor Impairment, Newcastle Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Measure and World Health Organization Quality of Life – bref of Informal Caregivers in Luxembourg and a Rural Area in Portugal

Baumann

Lurbe

Leandro³

et al. 2012

Cerebrovasc Dis

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“…The fact that the LS was higher in female than in male patients calls for further research on severity, symptoms and potential risk factors such as health-related behaviours, nutrition, leisure, etc. A recent review of literature about stroke risk factors and warning signs reported that, according to most studies, women know more about cerebrovascular disease than do men in most studies [41]. Women are more likely than men to report non-specific "somatic" symptoms and to report changes in their mental status [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life satisfaction two-years after stroke onset: the effects of gender, sex occupational status, memory function and quality of life among stroke patients (Newsqol) and their family caregivers (Whoqol-bref) in Luxembourg

Baumann

Couffignal²,

Bihan

et al. 2012

BMC Neurol

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BackgroundLife satisfaction (LS) of cerebrovascular disease survivors and their family caregivers may relate to socioeconomic factors, impaired functions, health-related quality of life (QoL), but their respective influences remain unclear. This study assessed, two years post-stroke onset, the effects of these factors on patients’ LS and family caregivers’ LS in Luxembourg.MethodsAll stroke patients admitted to all hospitals in Luxembourg were identified by the ‘Inspection Général de la Sécurité Sociale’ using the only national system database for care expenditure reimbursement. Their diagnosis was confirmed by medical investigator. The sample included ninety four patients living at home having given consent (mean age 65.5 years) and sixty two main caregivers (mean age 59.3 years). Questionnaires were completed during face-to-face interviews. LS was assessed via European single question (range 1–10), survivors’ QoL via Newsqol (11 dimensions), and caregivers’ QoL via Whoqol-bref (4 domains) (range 0–100). Data were analysed using multiple regression models.ResultsTwo years after stroke onset, 44.7% of patients suffered from impaired sensory function, 35.1% from impaired motor function, and 31.9% from impaired memory function. Mean patient’ LS was 7.1/10 (SD 1.9). It was higher in women (+12.4) and lower among unemployed socioeconomically active patients (−13.1, vs. retired people). Adjusted for sex, occupation, impaired motor and memory functions, LS positively correlated with scores of Newsqol feelings, sleep, emotion, cognition and pain dimensions (slopes 0.20 to 0.31), but did not correlate with those of caregivers’ Whoqol-bref domains. Family caregiver’ LS was 7.2 (SD 1.7). It was lower in those with patients suffering from impaired memory function (−12.8) as well as from feelings and emotion issues (slopes 0.22). It was associated with all caregivers’ Whoqol-bref domains (physical health, psychological health, environment, and social relationships) (slopes 0.53 to 0.68).ConclusionsTwo-year post-cerebrovascular disease patient’ LS was associated with gender, occupation, and impaired memory function. It correlated with feelings, sleep, emotion, cognition, and pain issues. Family caregivers of patients with impaired memory function had lower LS. Family caregiver’ LS correlated with dimensions of patients’ feelings (less independent, yourself, life changed, depressed, useless, less control because of stroke) and emotion (get more emotional, fear of another stroke or to become dependent on others), and with their own QoL. LS, Newsqol, and Whoqol appeared to be appropriate tools. Our findings may be useful for policy makers in relation to family and medical-social issues of stroke home-based rehabilitation.

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“…Pathogenically, stroke involves a heterogeneous group of processes. Vessel occlusions (ischemic stroke) account for 85% of all strokes, while primary intracerebral bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke) accounts for the remainder [3]. Embolisms cause approximately 75% of all cerebral vessel occlusions, and are the most frequent cause of focally-obstructed blood flow within the brain [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology, treatment, and animal and cellular models of human ischemic stroke

Woodruff

Thundyil

Tang

et al. 2011

Mol Neurodegeneration

506

367

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Stroke is the world's second leading cause of mortality, with a high incidence of severe morbidity in surviving victims. There are currently relatively few treatment options available to minimize tissue death following a stroke. As such, there is a pressing need to explore, at a molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole body level, the mechanisms leading to damage and death of CNS tissue following an ischemic brain event. This review explores the etiology and pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and provides a general model of such. The pathophysiology of cerebral ischemic injury is explained, and experimental animal models of global and focal ischemic stroke, and in vitro cellular stroke models, are described in detail along with experimental strategies to analyze the injuries. In particular, the technical aspects of these stroke models are assessed and critically evaluated, along with detailed descriptions of the current best-practice murine models of ischemic stroke. Finally, we review preclinical studies using different strategies in experimental models, followed by an evaluation of results of recent, and failed attempts of neuroprotection in human clinical trials. We also explore new and emerging approaches for the prevention and treatment of stroke. In this regard, we note that single-target drug therapies for stroke therapy, have thus far universally failed in clinical trials. The need to investigate new targets for stroke treatments, which have pleiotropic therapeutic effects in the brain, is explored as an alternate strategy, and some such possible targets are elaborated. Developing therapeutic treatments for ischemic stroke is an intrinsically difficult endeavour. The heterogeneity of the causes, the anatomical complexity of the brain, and the practicalities of the victim receiving both timely and effective treatment, conspire against developing effective drug therapies. This should in no way be a disincentive to research, but instead, a clarion call to intensify efforts to ameliorate suffering and death from this common health catastrophe. This review aims to summarize both the present experimental and clinical state-of-the art, and to guide future research directions.

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Gender and Stroke Symptoms

Cited by 105 publications

References 28 publications

Life Satisfaction of Two-Year Post-Stroke Survivors: Effects of Socio-Economic Factors, Motor Impairment, Newcastle Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Measure and World Health Organization Quality of Life – bref of Informal Caregivers in Luxembourg and a Rural Area in Portugal

Life Satisfaction of Two-Year Post-Stroke Survivors: Effects of Socio-Economic Factors, Motor Impairment, Newcastle Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Measure and World Health Organization Quality of Life – bref of Informal Caregivers in Luxembourg and a Rural Area in Portugal

Life satisfaction two-years after stroke onset: the effects of gender, sex occupational status, memory function and quality of life among stroke patients (Newsqol) and their family caregivers (Whoqol-bref) in Luxembourg

Pathophysiology, treatment, and animal and cellular models of human ischemic stroke

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