Gender and Welfare States

Laperrière, Marie; Orloff, Ann Shola

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76333-0_17

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…(2021, p. 3) argue that ‘gender differences in the sharing of unpaid [private] work—including the sharing of childcare, other care work, and housework—shape much of the unequal outcomes we see in the labour market: a deeply uneven division of unpaid [private] work makes it hard to achieve equal outcomes in paid work’. Similarly Laperrière and Orloff (2018) point to the connection between women's unpaid private work responsibilities and the associated barriers to women's opportunities in paid employment. Bradley (2016, p. 88) concludes that it is the mutual relationship between—on the one hand—‘domestic and reproductive labour’ and—on the other ‐ ‘paid work in the labour market’ that ‘lie[s] at the heart of gender inequalities’.…”

Section: Literature: Gender Inequalities In Paid and Unpaid Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taylor (2016, p. 4991) describes how historically, in contrast to wage labour, unpaid roles were constructed as the only ‘legitimate’ positions open to women in the public sphere. Therefore—just as it is fundamental to consider the inter‐relationships between the realms of paid public work and unpaid private work: understanding gender inequalities in one sphere promotes understanding of gender inequalities in another (Andrew et al., 2021; Bradley, 2016; Laperrière & Orloff, 2018; Parry et al., 2006)—so it is important to consider how the realm of unpaid public work relates to gender inequalities in other realms. From this perspective it is possible that more limited opportunities for women in paid employment in business and government serve to promote the higher participation or ‘hyper‐involvement’ of women in unpaid public work (Themodo, 2009).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender inequalities in unpaid public work: Retention, stratification and segmentation in the volunteer leadership of charities in England and Wales

Clifford

2023

British Journal of Sociology

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While gender inequalities in employment (paid public work) and domestic and reproductive labour (unpaid private work) are a prominent focus within the sociological literature, gender inequalities in volunteering (unpaid public work) have received much less scholarly attention. We analyse a unique longitudinal dataset of volunteer leaders, that follows through time every individual to have served as a board member (trustee) for a charity in England and Wales between 2010 and 2023, to make three foundational contributions to our understanding of gender inequalities in unpaid public work. First, the salience of vertical gender stratification and horizontal gender segmentation in trusteeship shows that gendered inequalities in work extend to public work in general—encompassing unpaid public work, and not only paid public work. In terms of gender segmentation, we find that women are over‐represented as trustees in a small number of fields of charitable activity but under‐represented across the majority of fields. In terms of gender stratification, we find that women are under‐represented on the boards of the largest charities; under‐represented as chairs of trustee boards; and particularly under‐represented as chairs of the largest charities. Second, the dynamics underlying gendered differences in unpaid public work, which show higher rates of resignation for women trustees, resonate with research on paid employment which emphasises the importance of attrition to an understanding of how gendered inequalities in work are reproduced. This means that increasing the retention of women, not only the recruitment of women, becomes central to the policy agenda. Third, we show that there has been a decline in gender stratification and gender segmentation in trusteeship since 2010. This decline over time in gendered inequalities in unpaid public work provides an interesting counterpoint to influential research documenting a ‘stall’ in the reduction of gendered inequalities in paid employment.

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Section: Literature: Gender Inequalities In Paid and Unpaid Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender inequalities in unpaid public work: Retention, stratification and segmentation in the volunteer leadership of charities in England and Wales

Clifford

2023

British Journal of Sociology

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“…One such classic critique is the Gendering Welfare States published which has offered a thorough analysis of the then existing welfare models in the UK, Germany and Eastern Europe, with a feminist perspective (Sainsbury, 1994). In contemporary literature, the other works include Orloff (2009Orloff ( , 2014; and Laperrière and Orloff (2018). In this context, feminists gradually realized that the extreme worldview of either looking at the state as an enemy or as a friend is empirically untenable.…”

Section: Regressive Role Of the Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Politics: A Feminist Critique of the State

Sapkota

Dahal

2022

J Polit Sci

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The relation between politics and gender is contentious, which is further implied in the feminist critique of the state. This paper assumes that the nature of the state is gendered. With this ontological position of critical worldview, it aims to synthesize the gendered nature of politics. Methodologically, it is based on the secondary literature and thus the authors did not offer their empirical data to synthesize the major arguments so far. It has first discussed the feminist theoretical debates about the worldview of the state and then offered the empirical issues of power and citizenship. It argues that the state is constructed with contradictions in terms of uneven allocation of resources, gendered institutions, androcentric leadership, and male-biased policies. In this context, the paper analyzes the state as an androcentric construction that is political, coupled with uneven gender relations. The authors also agree that politics eventually makes up the state - the supreme of power and hegemony against the women. The paper finally observes a need for further research works to critique the regimes, hegemony, and institutions of the state at the macro-level and identity, self-dignity, and citizenship of women in the state at the micro-level.

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“…Ann Orloff зазначає, що гендерні відносини, втілені у поділі праці за статевою ознакою, обов'язковою гетеросексуальністю, гендерними формами громадянства та політичної участі, ідеологіями мужності та жіночності тощо, донедавна глибоко формували характер соціальної держави. Так само інститути соціального забезпечення, що реалізувалися соціальною державою, впливали на гендерні відносини[49][50].…”

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Challenges as a Driving Force for the Modernization of Social Statehood in Europe

Fedorova¹,

Holovashchenko²

2023

Plaw

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One of the most significant social achievements of the twentieth century was the development and implementation of the welfare state concept within the framework of the theory of a democratic, rule-of-law state which ensures the best option for social and economic development, as well as political stability in society. It is proved that although, since the 1970s, some economists, political scientists and lawyers have periodically sharply criticized the concept of the welfare State, predicting its decline, the positive results of its transformation in European countries, as well as the development of the European Social Community within the European Union, show that the welfare State has a chance not only to survive, but also to remain one of the fundamental principles of statehood in democratic countries, and an element of the supranational organization of power embodied in the European Union.The purpose of the article is to analyze the traditional and new challenges to the welfare state which determine the change of approaches to its functioning and priorities at the current stage of development of state-legal and interstate (integration) relations.The key idea that structures the study is the thesis that European states that form a united Europe or aspire to join it, such as Ukraine, despite belonging to the same civilizational community, retain the right to choose how to respond to the economic, social, demographic, migration, environmental and climate challenges of our time. This choice determines the future of national welfare state models. In accordance with the stated goal, the article identifies two groups of major challenges: established (demographic changes, in particular, population aging; changes in the position of women in society and in the labor market; changes in the labor market; poverty and social exclusion) and new (rapid growth of emigration of Ukrainian doctors and nurses; introduction of artificial intelligence technologies; uncontrolled mass immigration; rapid growth of disability in society) faced by the welfare state and, mainly, the social security system, which is its foundation. While the established challenges require adjustments to the priorities and tasks of the welfare state, the newest ones require a significant modernization of the welfare state, adapting it to the new political, economic and social conditions of society.Further research on the selected issues should be conducted taking into account the existence of certain models of the welfare state that unite European states either by geographical (Scandinavian, continental, Anglo-Saxon, Southern European) or ideological (liberal, conservative, social democratic, corporate, solidarity) criteria.The problem of the welfare state's response to the challenges of environmental and climate crises deserves separate development, and in the context of this consideration, the correlation between the social and environmental (“green”) state.

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Gender and Welfare States

Cited by 8 publications

References 111 publications

Gender inequalities in unpaid public work: Retention, stratification and segmentation in the volunteer leadership of charities in England and Wales

Gender inequalities in unpaid public work: Retention, stratification and segmentation in the volunteer leadership of charities in England and Wales

Gender and Politics: A Feminist Critique of the State

Challenges as a Driving Force for the Modernization of Social Statehood in Europe

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