Gender association of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with ischaemic stroke

Abstract

We examined the association of the NG011648 polymorphism (insertion/deletion) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene with ischaemic stroke occurrence, subtype of ischaemic stroke and ischaemic stroke patients’ gender. Patients with first ever ischaemic stroke were recruited prospectively in a period of 18 months. Controls were matched with the patients for age, gender, and known risk factors for stroke. Demographic data, medical history, and vascular risk factors were collected. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis. Stroke and control groups were compared in regard to the prevalence of the NG011648 polymorphism. One hundred and seventy-six patients with ischaemic stroke and 178 controls were recruited and genotyped for NG011648 polymorphism (I/D) of the ACE gene. No significant difference in allele and genotype distributions emerged between control and patient groups, nor in the two subtype groups of lacunars and large artery atherosclerosis. After the data were stratified by gender, a low incidence of II homozygosity in female patients versus female controls ( p = 0.05) and male patients ( p = 0.013, Z score: -2.49) was found. Our results indicate that I/D polymorphisms may have a role in stroke onset, in respect to gender, with a possible favourable effect of II genotype in females.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism Contributes to Ischemic Stroke Risk: A Meta-Analysis of 50 Case-Control Studies

“…Twenty-seven studies were further excluded for the following reasons: abstract, review or editorials (n = 22); no control population (n = 4); or children (n = 1). Therefore, a total of 50 studies met the inclusion criteria [9]–[12], [24]–[69].…”

Prevalence Of Thrombophilic Mutations In Ischemic Stroke Patients In Isparta, Turkey

“…Multiple studies have suggested that the ACE I/D polymorphism is not a risk factor for ischemic stroke, although the frequency of I/I and D/D polymorphisms differs between stroke patients according to sex (22,71,72). In agreement with these findings, we did not observe a difference in the frequency of the ACE I/I, I/D, and D/D polymorphisms between stroke patients and controls, confirming that this polymorphism is not a risk factor for ischemic stroke.…”

Association of AGT M235T and ACE I/D polymorphisms with the risk of ischemic stroke: Meta-analysis in Han Chinese population

“…Furthermore, RAAS is involved in vascular remodeling, generation of oxidative stress, and inflammation in the atherosclerotic process [8,9], and RAAS polymorphisms have shown a possible association with the ischemic stroke. Several polymorphisms within the RAAS genes, such as the gene encoding aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) have been reported to be significantly associated with hypertension and ischemic stroke [10][11][12][13]. Among these polymorphisms, the AGT-M235T and ACE I/D polymorphisms are the most prominent and universal-investigated variants.…”

“…It catalyzes the conversion of decapeptide angiotensin I to octapeptide angiotensin II [19]. An insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the noncoding region of the ACE gene has been reported to be significantly associated with ischemic stroke, in different ethnic populations [13,20], while some studies failed to observe this association [21,22].…”