Gender-based Educational and Occupational Segregation in the Caribbean

Schimanski, Caroline; Chagalj, Cristian; Ruprah, Inder J.

doi:10.18235/0001232

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Regardless of the subgroup, aggregate racial segregation is low and lower than gender-based ES and OS. ES along racial lines is 7 percent compared to 10 percent, and OS is 6 percent less than half of the 18 percent measured in terms of gender in Schimanski, Chagalj, and Ruprah (2018). The finding of less racebased than gender-based segregation is consistent with Salardi's (2014) findings for Brazil.…”

Section: Racial Segregation Levels By Educational and Occupational Casupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Generally, aggregate race-based educational and occupational segregation is found to be low, both at a level of 7 percent. The levels of racial segregation found are lower than the genderbased educational and occupational segregation levels of 9.6 percent and 18.4 percent documented by Schimanski, Chagalj, and Ruprah (2018). These estimates are found to have remained largely constant over the past 17 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Race-based Educational, Occupational and Industry Segregation and Wages Gaps in Trinidad and Tobago

Schimanski¹,

Chagalj²,

Ruprah³

2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a result of its colonial history the labour market of Trinidad and Tobago is characterized by two majority racial groups of approximately equal number. During colonial times, these racial groups were highly segregated in terms of education, occupation, industry, and sector of work, and the institutionalized disparities in pay were large. This raises the question whether segregation and historical wage gaps still exist and are affected by the government in power. Using labour market survey data from 1999 to 2015, this study provides evidence of race-based educational, occupational, and industry segregation and wage gaps in Trinidad and Tobago's private and public sectors and their development. Despite its history, aggregate racial educational and occupational segregation is low. With 7%, measured in terms of the Karmel-Maclachlan index, it is even lower than respective gender-based segregation over the same period, and it has remained constant over the sample period. Furthermore, the findings suggest that most racebased occupational segregation is a result of prior educational segregation. In aggregate terms the racial wage gap was initially negligible but has been rising over time and shifting from initially favouring ATTs (citizens of Trinidad and Tobago of African origin) to favouring ITTs (citizens of Trinidad and Tobago of Indian origin). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in segregation and wage gaps across educational attainment levels, occupations, industries, and sectors. Race-based wage gaps appear larger in the public sector, especially for women. Although we cannot control for all unobserved factors, there is also indicative evidence that the party in power affects the racial share of public sector workers and public sector wage gaps. Using quantile regression and decomposition techniques, this study also provides evidence of large heterogeneity in returns to education and a shift in the direction of the average wage gap from favouring ATTs to favouring ITTs along the entire wage distribution.

show abstract

Section: Racial Segregation Levels By Educational and Occupational Casupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Race-based Educational, Occupational and Industry Segregation and Wages Gaps in Trinidad and Tobago

Schimanski¹,

Chagalj²,

Ruprah³

2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even though Latin American countries have experienced a process of higher‐education expansion and an increase on female enrollment in these institutions, the current focus of practitioners and scholarship is on educational gaps rather than effects on labor market behavior (Atal et al, 2009; Bando, 2019; Libertun de Duren et al, 2020; Nopo, 2012; Schimanski et al, 2018). It has placed the attention of regional scholarship on the challenges that higher‐education policies face—a need to advance equity and quality.…”

Section: The Situation In Chilementioning

confidence: 99%

Does credentialism affect the gender wage gap? Evidence from Chile

Didier

2021

Latin American Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The expansion of higher education across the globe changed the dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion during the last century. As a result of the increase in higher‐education enrollment, societies have reduced social gaps in education and labor. Moreover, higher‐education expansion policies have led to a diversification in the quality of higher‐education institutions and workforce configurations, which has allowed for the increased participation of women in the education and labor market. Evidence on higher‐education expansion has shown only a minor decrease in gender gaps in the labor market. One explanation is the presence of credential market configuration, where degrees signal social status. This research focuses on how educational credentialism affects the gender wage gap, using the CASEN Household Survey of Chile. It aims to assess the effects of a credential on earnings, using a regression framework and data set between 2013 and 2017. The results point to a differential effect of credentials across genders, interpreted as a systematic bias toward human capital pricings, with particular effects on the gender wage gap.

show abstract

“…In the second group of the theories in this regard, the dual labor market theory describes the labor market disintegration. It is a theory that distinguishes between two types of occupations, including first-sector jobs that are relatively well-paid, have a higher funding, and provide more opportunities for progress, and secondary-sector jobs that have lower wages, lower job security, and less favorable working conditions (Anker et al, 2003; p. 12) [42] . In first-sector occupations, the skills of the workers are commensurate with the needs of the desired economic unit.…”

Section: Theories On the Situation Of Women In The Labor Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influential factors in women's participation in the labor market of Herat city

Arib¹

2021

Int. J. Adv. Acad. Stud.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the most important criteria for measuring the degree of development in a country is women's degree of importance and prestige. To achieve social development, accelerate the process of economic development, and attain social justice, women must be regarded as an active and constructive force, which will have a great impact on the development process, thereby increasing the quality and quantity of human resources within the community. The role of women in development largely depends on the goals of social and economic development and is fundamental to the evolution of all human societies. The present study aimed to evaluate the influential factors in women's participation in the labor market of Herat. By reviewing the literature and theoretical foundations, the influential factors in women's participation in the labor market were observed to be individual factors (marital status, number of children, number of people with income in the family, age, academic education, type of academic education, monthly expenses), economic factors (environmental/personal), social factors (environmental/personal), cultural factors (environmental/personal), and psychological factors. Moreover, the results of logit regression showed that the variables of marital status, monthly expenses, and social and environmental factors had a negative, significant effect on the probability of the participation to the non-participation of women in the labor market of Herat city. On the other hand, the variables of the number of children, number of people with income in the family, age, and education level had a positive, significant effect on the probability of the participation to the non-participation of women in the labor market of Herat city. The comparison of the total weight elasticities of the influential factors in women's participation in the labor market of Herat city indicated that the variable of education level most significantly affected women's participation, followed by the variables of environmental/social factors and age.

show abstract

Gender-based Educational and Occupational Segregation in the Caribbean

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Race-based Educational, Occupational and Industry Segregation and Wages Gaps in Trinidad and Tobago

Race-based Educational, Occupational and Industry Segregation and Wages Gaps in Trinidad and Tobago

Does credentialism affect the gender wage gap? Evidence from Chile

The influential factors in women's participation in the labor market of Herat city

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About