Gender-Based Violence Against Adolescent and Young Adult Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Decker, Michele R.; Latimore, Amanda D.; Yasutake, Suzumi; Haviland, Miriam J.; Ahmed, Saifuddin; Blum, Robert W.; Sonenstein, Freya L.; Astone, Nan Marie

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.003

Cited by 154 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is possible that the use of the Conflict Tactics Scale with a number of items assessing various forms of violence in the IDV study compared to having only two broad violence questions in this study contributed to higher prevalences of IPV in the IDV study. A lower variation and a higher prevalence of physical or sexual partner violence (29.5%, compared with 17.2% in this survey) was found among population-based national samples in evermarried/cohabitating young adult women (slightly older, aged 20-24 years) in 30 low-and middleincome countries 2 . Regarding the country variation, compared to the population-based study 2 , this study found similar prevalences of IPV among women in Cameroon (43.7% in the DHS and 51.5% in this survey), Nigeria (16.5% and 15.1%) and the Philippines (15.9% and 15.4%, respectively), while higher rates in the DHS compared with this study were found in Columbia (30.5% and 9.4%), and India (34.8% and 2.9%) 2 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…A lower variation and a higher prevalence of physical or sexual partner violence (29.5%, compared with 17.2% in this survey) was found among population-based national samples in evermarried/cohabitating young adult women (slightly older, aged 20-24 years) in 30 low-and middleincome countries 2 . Regarding the country variation, compared to the population-based study 2 , this study found similar prevalences of IPV among women in Cameroon (43.7% in the DHS and 51.5% in this survey), Nigeria (16.5% and 15.1%) and the Philippines (15.9% and 15.4%, respectively), while higher rates in the DHS compared with this study were found in Columbia (30.5% and 9.4%), and India (34.8% and 2.9%) 2 . Some of the country differences in IPV may be attributed to cultural norms, substance use, and other forms of violence 2,19 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…marrried/cohabitating adult women (20-24 years) reported lifetime physical or sexual IPV 2 . IPV is increasingly becoming a public health problem among young persons and male and female university students [9][10][11] .…”

Section: African Journal Of Reproductive Health March 2016; 20 (1): 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) includes any behaviour that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm within an intimate relationship 1 , one can be a victim or perpetrator of IPV 1 .IPV is an important public health problem globally and in low-and middle-income countries 1,2 , and has negative health implications, which may include sexually transmitted infections, injury, unintended pregnancy, poor mental health, and addiction [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . In a study utilizing the Demographic and Health Survey in 30 low-and middle-income countries, an overall prevalence of 29% of young ever-…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Associated Factors among Male and Female University Students in 22 Countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas

Pengpid

Peltzer

2016

Afr J Reprod Health

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The study aimed at investigating the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its associated factors among male and female university students in 22 countries in Africa, the Americas and Asia. In a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, data were collected from 16979 undergraduate university students, 49.3% male and 50.7% female, with an overall mean age of 21.8 years (SD=3.4). Of 7032 (41.9%) students who had been sexually active in the past 12 months, 16.3 % reported ever having experienced physical or sexual IPV, 15.4% among men and 17.2% among women, physical IPV was 11.3% among men and 10.4% among women, and the proportion of ever having experienced sexual IPV was 9.3% among men and 11.3% among women. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, among both men and women, sociodemographic factors (senior study year, living in a low or lower middle income country) and risk factors (history of childhood physical and sexual abuse, made someone pregnant or had been pregnant, having had two or more sexual partners in the past 12 months, current tobacco use and having PTSD symptoms) were associated with physical and/or sexual violence victimization. High burden of IPV was found and several factors identified that may help guide intervention efforts. Keywords: partner violence, undergraduate students, sociodemographic factors, risk factors, protective factors, multi-country. RésuméL'étude visait à étudier la prévalence de la violence du partenaire intime (VPI) et ses facteurs associés chez les étudiants et étudiantes universitaires dans 22 pays en Afrique, aux Amériques et en Asie. Dans une enquête à travers des questionnaires transversale, les données ont été recueillies auprès des 16979 étudiants universitaires de premier cycle, dont 49,3%étaient des 'hommes et 50,7% étaient des femmes, avec un âge moyen global de 21,8 ans (SD = 3,4). De 7032 (41,9%) des étudiants qui avaient été sexuellement actifs au cours des 12 derniers mois, 16,3% ont déclaré avoir déjà subi des violences physiques ou VPI (sexuelle). 15,4% parmi les hommes et 17,2% parmi les femmes, le taux de la VPI (physique) était de 11,3% chez les hommes et 10,4% chez les femmes, et la proportion de ceux qui ont déjà subi la VPI (sexuelle) était de 9,3% chez les hommes et de 11,3% chez les femmes. A travers les analyses de la régression logistique multivariée, tant chez les hommes que chez les femmes, les facteurs sociodémographiques (appartenant à un niveau élevé d'étude, habitant dans un pays à revenu faible ou à revenu moyen inférieur) et les facteurs de risque (histoire du mauvais traitement et des sévices sexuels subi par l'enfant , avait engrossé quelqu'un ou avait été enceinte, ayant eu deux ou plus des partenaires sexuels au cours des 12 derniers mois, la consommation courant du tabac et ayant des symptômes du SSPT) ont été associés à la violence physique et / ou sexuelle. Nous avons découvert un haut fardeau de VPI et avons identifié plusieurs facteurs qui peuvent guider les efforts d'intervention. (Afr.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: African Journal Of Reproductive Health March 2016; 20 (1): 30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Associated Factors among Male and Female University Students in 22 Countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas

Pengpid

Peltzer

2016

Afr J Reprod Health

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“…El estudio del consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes representa un tema de vital relevancia en la agenda de la salud pública mundial, más si se focaliza en aspectos contextuales, económicos y culturales de las mujeres adolescentes de países de bajo y mediano ingreso; diversos estudios comparativos han reportado que estas adolescentes, frente a sus pares de países de alto ingreso, presentan menos años de estudio, tasas más elevadas de matrimonio y embarazo adolescente , así como una mayor exposición a la violencia de género (Decker et al, 2015).…”

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Consumo de alcohol en mujeres adolescentes: un llamado a la acción para países de mediano y bajo ingreso

Fernández-Cáceres¹

2016

RIIAD

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La evidencia epidemiológica ha señalado que el alcohol es la sustancia psicoactiva más consumida por los adolescentes, debido a factores como su aceptación social, su legalidad y su fácil accesibilidad; asimismo, el consumo en hombres adolescentes es proporcionalmente mayor en comparación con las mujeres de la misma edad, pero existen reportes que señalan que el uso de alcohol en las adolescentes ha presentado incrementos a través del tiempo .La ingesta de alcohol entre las jóvenes ha dejado de ser una conducta poco usual, para convertirse en un problema emergente que trae consigo consecuencias matizadas por características biológicas y roles de gé-nero. Recientes publicaciones científicas se han enfocado en discutir el estatus de la evidencia relacionada con el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes y adultos jóve-nes Hall et al., 2016;Stockings et al., 2016).¿Por qué motivo las mujeres adolescentes han aumentado su consumo de alcohol? No es posible dar sólo una respuesta a esta interrogante, ya que la ciencia ha empezado a hacer hallazgos que señalan que son muchos los factores asociados con este consumo, entre ellos elementos socioculturales, biológicos y psicológicos. El cambio en las tradiciones, normas y valores que ha otorgado a las mujeres acceso a mayores oportunidades pareciera también haber traído consigo una exposición a conductas de riesgo como el consumo de alcohol (Hernández & Galván, 2011). El rol tradicional de la mujer ya no es el mismo, se ha insertado en campos económicos y laborales que le han permitido otro tipo de interacción social (Moreno, 2011). Podría hipotetizarse entonces que las mujeres se están acercando al rol masculino, creando una especie de convergencia con él (Romero, 2011). Bajo esta óptica, beber alcohol podría representar una forma en la que las mujeres están reafirmando su libertad personal y la capacidad de tomar sus propias decisiones.Tener pareja también parece ser un factor de riesgo para que las jóvenes tengan ofrecimientos de consumo de alcohol. Booth, Marsiglia, Nuño-Gutiérrez y García Pérez (2014) encontraron que tener una pareja se asocia con un mayor número de ofertas para consumir alcohol en las mujeres adolescentes, relación que no se presenta con tanta claridad en el caso de los varones. Los autores señalaron como posible explicación de estos hallazgos, los papeles cambiantes que juega la mujer en la sociedad actual y el hecho de que los ambientes en los que una adolescente se desenvuelve al tener una pareja son también en los que de forma regular ocurre el consumo (como fiestas o reuniones).Los trastornos mentales parecen tener una influencia significativa en el uso de esta sustancia: se ha demostrado que la depresión, los intentos de suicidio y el desajuste ante las demandas ambientales son factores ligados al género que aumentan las probabilidades de padecer trastornos por consumo de alcohol (Foster, Hicks, Iacono, & McGue, 2015).Las consecuencias de la ingesta de alcohol en las jóvenes tienen particularidades determinadas por gé-nero y edad. A nivel cerebral, ...

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Safety and Efficacy of Exposure-Based Risk Reduction Through Family Therapy for Co-occurring Substance Use Problems and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Adolescents

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE No empirically supported treatments have been evaluated to address co-occurring substance use problems (SUP) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among adolescents in an integrative fashion. This lack is partially owing to untested clinical lore suggesting that delivery of exposure-based PTSD treatments to youth with SUP might be iatrogenic.OBJECTIVE To determine whether an exposure-based, integrative intervention for adolescents with SUP and PTSD symptoms-risk reduction through family therapy (RRFT)-resulted in improved outcomes relative to a treatment-as-usual (TAU) control condition consisting primarily of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis randomized clinical trial enrolled 124 participants who were recruited from November 1, 2012, through January 30, 2017. Adolescents (aged 13-18 years) who engaged in nontobacco substance use at least once during the past 90 days, experienced at least 1 interpersonal traumatic event, and reported 5 or more PTSD symptoms were enrolled. Blinded assessments were collected at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after baseline. Recruitment and treatment took place in community-based child advocacy centers in the Southeastern United States. Data were analyzed from August 2 through October 4, 2018, and were based on intention to treat. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to receive RRFT (n = 61) or TAU (n = 63). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESPrimary outcomes focused on number of nontobacco substance-using days measured with the timeline follow-back method and PTSD symptom severity using the UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-IV completed by adolescents and caregivers. Secondary outcomes focused on marijuana, alcohol, and polysubstance use and PTSD criterion standard (re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal) symptom severity.RESULTS In all, 124 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.4 [1.3] years; 108 female [87.1%]) were randomized. For primary outcomes relative to TAU, RRFT yielded significantly greater reductions in substance-using days from baseline to month 12 (event rate [ER], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.12-0.65) and month 18 (ER, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.04-0.24). Significant reductions in PTSD symptoms were observed within groups for RRFT from baseline to months 3 (β = −9.25; 95% CI, −12.95 to −5.55), 6 (β = −16.63; 95% CI = −20.40 to −12.87), 12 (β = −17.51; 95% CI, −21.62 to −13.40), and 18 (β = −19.02; 95% CI, −23.07 to −14.96) and for TAU from baseline to months 3 (β = −9.62; 95% CI, −13.16 to −6.08), 6 (β = −13.73; 95% CI, −17.43 to −10.03), 12 (β = −15.53; 95% CI, −19.52 to −11.55), and 18 (β = −13.88; 95% CI, −17.69 to −10.09); however, between-group differences were not observed.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, RRFT and TAU demonstrated within-group improvements in SUP and PTSD symptoms, with greater improvement for substance use and PTSD avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms among adolescents randomized to RRFT compared with TAU. No evidence of the worsening of SUP wa...

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Gender-Based Violence Against Adolescent and Young Adult Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Cited by 154 publications

References 36 publications

Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Associated Factors among Male and Female University Students in 22 Countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas

Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Associated Factors among Male and Female University Students in 22 Countries in Africa, Asia and the Americas

Consumo de alcohol en mujeres adolescentes: un llamado a la acción para países de mediano y bajo ingreso

Safety and Efficacy of Exposure-Based Risk Reduction Through Family Therapy for Co-occurring Substance Use Problems and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Adolescents

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