“…In particular, previous research has confirmed gender bias to be prevalent in literature [Hoyle et al 2019], news [Wevers 2019], media [Asr et al 2021], and communication about and directed towards people of different genders [Fast et al 2016;Voigt et al 2018]. Further, prior studies have shown bias in underlying NLP algorithms such as word embeddings [Bolukbasi et al 2016] and language models [Nadeem et al 2021], as well as in the downstream tasks they are employed for, e.g., machine translation [Savoldi et al 2021], coreference resolution [Rudinger et al 2018;Webster et al 2018;Zhao et al 2018a], language generation [Sheng et al 2020], and part-of-speech tagging and parsing [Garimella et al 2019].…”