Gender Bias in the Integrated Plastic Surgery Residency: A Snapshot of Current Trends

Karamanos, Efstathios; Julian, Bao-Quynh; Wampler, Mallory; Sippel, Michael; Shah, Amita; Wang, Howard

doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000002581

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In total, 13 papers50–62 concentrated on gender discrimination during the process of residency application, including recommendation letters51–55 and interview,56–60 and fellowship applications 61,62. In standardized letters of recommendation most of these differences seem to disappear 52.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Barriers to Career Progression of Women in Surgery and Solutions to Improve Them

et al. 2022

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Objective: This study aims to summarize the evidence concerning the barriers that exist to the career progression of women in surgery and to provide potential solutions to overcome these obstacles. Background: Visible and invisible impediments can hinder female doctors’ pursuit of a surgical career, from choosing a surgical specialty to training opportunities and all the way through career progression. Methods: Database search of original studies about barriers for female surgeons during choice of surgical career, residency, and career progression. A query including possible solutions such as mentorship and network was included. Results: Of 4618 total articles; 4497 were excluded as duplicates, having incorrect study focus, or not being original studies; leaving 120 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Of the articles included, 22 (18%) focused on factors affecting the pursuit of a surgical career, such as surgical work hours and limited time for outside interests, 55 (46%) analyzed the main barriers that exist during surgical residency and fellowship training, such as discrimination and sexual harassment, 27 (23%) focused on barriers to career advancement, heavy workloads, ineffective mentorship, unclear expectations for advancement, inequality in pay or work-home conflicts. Among studies reporting on possible solutions, 8 (6.5%) articles reported on the role of effective mentorship to support career advancement and to provide moral support and 8 (6.5%) on the emerging role of social media for networking. Our analysis showed how different impediments hinder surgical career progression for women, with notable consequences on burnout and attrition. Conclusions: Identification and recognition of obstacles to career progression is the first step to addressing the gender gap in surgery. Active strategies should be improved to promote a culture of diversity and to create equal opportunity for women in surgery, while implementing structured mentoring programs and investing on an adequate communication on social media to engage the future generations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Barriers to Career Progression of Women in Surgery and Solutions to Improve Them

et al. 2022

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“…From A complete list of BOD members was available for 10 out of 15 societies, and 6 out of 15 societies for committee chair positions. In order to assign gender, traditional naming conventions were utilized [6,7]. Web searches via Google were performed for photos in cases of gender-ambiguous names.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Women Have a Seat at the Table: Trends in Female Representation Among the Board of Directors in American Urological Association Subspecialty Societies

Dullea¹,

González²,

Reddy³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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IntroductionAlthough women remain vastly underrepresented in urology, the proportion of female urology residents and practicing urologists has steadily increased over the last four decades. However, it remains critical to evaluate the representation of females in the pipeline when examining trainees and practicing urologists. As it pertains to leadership positions, the gender distribution among the board of directors (BOD) and committee chairs in the American Urological Association (AUA) subspecialties has not been studied to date. Therefore, we plan to analyze the proportion of females among the BOD and committee chairs in different subspecialty societies recognized by the AUA over time. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional observational study, quantitatively comparing the composition of gender in BOD and Committee Chair members belonging to different AUA-recognized subspecialty societies from 2014 to 2020. The websites for each subspecialty society were searched and contacted. ResultsWe evaluated BODs from 10 AUA subspecialty societies and committee chair members from 6 AUA subspecialty societies. From 2014 to 2020, the total proportion of female BOD amongst all AUA subspecialty societies did not change significantly, with a small increase from 10.6% (n = 29) to 13.5% (n = 36). However, female representation among committee chair members significantly increased from 9.8% (n = 20) to 19.2% (n = 44; p = 0.006), along with the total number of women in urology, from 897 (8.9%) to 1,375 (10.3%). Increases in female representation were seen in the Society for the Study of Male Reproduction (SSMR) from 0% to 9% and in the Indian American Urological Association (IAUA) from 4% to 13%. Of note, there were no elected female board members in the Society of Urologic Oncology (SUO) or the Urologic Society for Transplantation and Renal Surgery (USTRS) from 2014 to 2020. ConclusionFemales remain a minority in leadership positions at AUA sub-specialty societies despite increased female representation in recent years. Future efforts should promote the advancement of women to positions of leadership to reflect the changing landscape of the urology workforce and surgical specialties.

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“…11 In comparison, from 2011 to 2020, the percentage of female trainees in general surgery programs increased from 36.2% to 43.1% in one study, whereas a separate study found that women compose 39% of plastic surgery residents. 13,14 Although progress is to be made, the relatively increased representation in hand surgery is promising, as increased female representation at higher levels of leadership generally correlates with increased representation at all levels within an institution. 12,15 Orthopedic surgery has trailed other surgical subspecialties in racial/ethnic diversity of trainees as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Leadership Trends in Hand Surgery Fellowship Programs

Madhan¹,

Mehta²,

Swiatek³

et al. 2022

Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online

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Gender Bias in the Integrated Plastic Surgery Residency: A Snapshot of Current Trends

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Early Barriers to Career Progression of Women in Surgery and Solutions to Improve Them

Early Barriers to Career Progression of Women in Surgery and Solutions to Improve Them

Do Women Have a Seat at the Table: Trends in Female Representation Among the Board of Directors in American Urological Association Subspecialty Societies

Characterizing Leadership Trends in Hand Surgery Fellowship Programs

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