Gender, crop diversification, and nutrition in irrigation catchment areas in the central dry zones in Myanmar: Implications for agricultural development support

Ragasa, Catherine; Mahrt, Kristi; Aung, Zin Wai; Lambrecht, Isabel; Scott, Jessica

doi:10.2499/p15738coll2.133802

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Using a set of questions developed by Ragasa et al ( 2020 ) to assess respondent's prior knowledge of topics covered in the LEARN modules, the baseline survey found that respondents scored particularly low on questions related to nutrition basics and family nutrition practices. Baseline assessment of respondents' food consumption in the previous 24 hours also found both men and women to be lacking the dietary diversity associated with healthy diets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baseline assessment of respondents' food consumption in the previous 24 hours also found both men and women to be lacking the dietary diversity associated with healthy diets. Notably, the vast majority of respondents did not report consuming dairy or vitamin A‐rich fruits and vegetables (Ragasa et al, 2020 ). Even when beans and nuts were seemingly available in the study areas, many households did not consume them on a daily basis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can nutrition education mitigate the impacts of COVID‐19 on dietary quality? Cluster‐randomised controlled trial evidence in Myanmar's Central Dry Zone

Ragasa

Lambrecht²,

Mahrt

et al. 2021

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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We evaluate the immediate impact of a nutrition and gender behaviour change communication on dietary quality in rural communities in Myanmar and assess whether the communication helped mitigate the effect of the COVID‐19 crisis on dietary quality. The intervention was designed and implemented as a cluster‐randomised controlled trial in which 15 villages received the intervention and 15 control villages did not. The intervention was implemented from June to October 2020. This paper provides an assessment of the intervention's impact on dietary quality based on the results of two phone surveys conducted in August and October 2020. Immediate impacts of the intervention indicate an improvement in women's dietary diversity scores by half a food group out of 10. At baseline, 44% of women were likely to have consumed inadequately diverse diets; results indicate that 6% ( p ‐value: 0.003, SE: 0.02) fewer sample women were likely to have consumed inadequately diverse diets. More women in treatment villages consumed pulses, nuts, eggs and Vitamin A‐rich foods daily than in control villages. In response to economic shocks related to COVID‐19, households in the treatment villages were less likely to reduce the quantity of meat and fish consumption than in control villages. The long‐term impacts of the intervention need to be continuously evaluated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can nutrition education mitigate the impacts of COVID‐19 on dietary quality? Cluster‐randomised controlled trial evidence in Myanmar's Central Dry Zone

Ragasa

Lambrecht²,

Mahrt

et al. 2021

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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show abstract

“…This study builds on an existing baseline survey (BL) conducted in January 2020 before the onset of COVID‐19 (Ragasa et al., 2020). A follow‐up phone survey (PS) was conducted from June 10 to June 17, 2020.…”

Section: Sample and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ragasa et al. (2020) measure women's and men's empowerment and gender parity using the baseline data of the current phone survey sample. Their results reveal lower empowerment of women than of men; the main contributors of disempowerment are tolerance toward intimate partner violence and women's lack of group membership, work balance, access to and decisions about financial services, respect among household members, and access to agricultural and market information.…”

Section: Covid‐19 In Myanmarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate impacts of COVID‐19 on female and male farmers in central Myanmar: Phone‐based household survey evidence

Ragasa

Lambrecht²,

Mahrt

et al. 2021

Agricultural Economics

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This article provides evidence of the immediate impacts of the first months of the COVID‐19 crisis on farming communities in central Myanmar using baseline data from January 2020 and follow‐up phone survey data from June 2020 with 1,072 women and men. Heterogeneous effects among households are observed. Fifty‐one percent of the sample households experienced income loss from various livelihood activities, and landless households were more severely affected by the crisis, mainly because of lost farm and nonfarm employment and negative impacts on rural enterprises. Women and men in these landless households were equally engaged and affected by lower wages or more difficulties in finding farm work; fewer women were engaged in nonfarm work, but almost all of them lost such nonfarm wage employment. Women in landless households are also particularly vulnerable in terms of worsened workload and increased tension in the household during COVID‐19. Landed households were also affected through lower prices, lower demand for crops, and difficulties in input access. Women and men differ in levels of stress, fear, and pessimism regarding the effects of COVID‐19. In most households, there were no signs that household task‐sharing and work balance improved, and no clear shift in intrahousehold relations was observed.

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“…Baseline data from January 2020 on women's empowerment in Myanmar's central Dry Zone show that 81 percent of male and 92 percent of female respondents think that wife beating is acceptable under several circumstances. 23 People confined at or near their homes may more often watch television, listen to radio, or follow messages on social media. Thus, messages from popular and prominent figures can trigger the necessary attention and ensure better reception of key messages on these issues.…”

Section: Violence Against Women and Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A gender-transformative response to COVID-19 in Myanmar

Lambrecht¹,

Mahrt²,

Ragasa³

et al. 2020

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COVID-19, as an economic crisis, hit Myanmar long before the first cases of infections in-country were confirmed. From January 2020 onwards, border closures for people and goods, dwindling supplies of imported raw materials for certain industries, and decreasing demand for services, especially tourism, have strongly affected Myanmar's economy. On 23 March, Myanmar confirmed its first COVID-19 cases and by early April, national and city authorities imposed strict measures to contain the spread of the virus. By 17 May, the country had 182 confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection, with six deaths. STRATEGY SUPPORT PROGRAM POLICY NOTE 04 MAY 2020 On 27 April, the Myanmar Government published the COVID-19 Economic Relief Plan (CERP) which aims to mitigate COVID-19's impact on the macroeconomic environment and the private sector and to ease the impact on laborers, workers, and households. The CERP action plan should pay explicit attention to gender discrepancies to avoid unintentional harm or aggravating existing gender inequalities. To ensure an effective response and offer scope for lasting gender-transformative change, the following actions are imperative for women's inclusion in the Myanmar Government's COVID-19 relief measures:

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Gender, crop diversification, and nutrition in irrigation catchment areas in the central dry zones in Myanmar: Implications for agricultural development support

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Can nutrition education mitigate the impacts of COVID‐19 on dietary quality? Cluster‐randomised controlled trial evidence in Myanmar's Central Dry Zone

Can nutrition education mitigate the impacts of COVID‐19 on dietary quality? Cluster‐randomised controlled trial evidence in Myanmar's Central Dry Zone

Immediate impacts of COVID‐19 on female and male farmers in central Myanmar: Phone‐based household survey evidence

A gender-transformative response to COVID-19 in Myanmar

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