Abstract:Sweden has been considered both `worker friendly' and `women friendly'. Both workers and women have called upon the welfare state to support their demands and they have also had some of their requests granted. Feminists' oldest and most important demand has been economic independence from men and the capacity to form and maintain an autonomous household including children.1 The article investigates whether women were closer to these goals in Sweden in the 1990s than in the 1970s, and whether this was achieved … Show more
“…However, Esping‐Andersen's three worlds of capitalism thesis has been criticized for overlooking gender and family issues (Daly, ; O’Connor, ). Analysts point out that patriarchal family structures make many women financially dependent on their male family members (Bambra, ; Nyberg, ). As a result, they have no choice but to bear the major caring responsibilities in the family.…”
Section: Defamilization and Familizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A possible way to tackle this problem is to assist women to maintain a reasonable standard of living independently of the family relationship. If women can achieve a higher degree of financial autonomy in the family, they are more likely to have sufficient freedom to choose whether or not to bear the major caring responsibilities in the family (Nyberg, ). In relation to this suggestion on defending women's welfare, Lister introduced the concept of defamilization in 1994:(T)he dimension of decommodification needs also to be complemented by that of what we might call “defamilization,” if it is to provide a rounded measure of economic independence.…”
Section: Defamilization and Familizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The two interpretations of defamilization have a close connection. Studies show that some women are vulnerable to a catch‐22 situation (Nyberg, ). On the one hand, they want to earn a living through taking part in the work economy.…”
Section: Defamilization and Familizationmentioning
Familization and defamilization studies are increasingly seen as an important component of welfare research. They are concerned with the threats to the welfare of individuals caused by involuntary participation in the unwanted family relationship. Moreover, they address the idea that governments have the potential to reduce these threats through the provision of welfare measures. This article contributes to the familization and defamilizaion studies with the focus on the link between these studies and the studies of residualization strategies. It carries out three analytical tasks. The first is to present a new defamilization and familization framework. The second is to demonstrate the usefulness of this framework in analyzing the problem of employing the residualization strategies to reform the old‐age income security system. Our focus is particularly on the insufficient sensitivity of these strategies to women's (and men's) diverse preferences relating to ways of organizing their family life. The third is to demonstrate the empirical significance of this framework. To meet this objective, we apply the framework to the investigation of two old‐age income security measures in Hong Kong—the Mandatory Provident Fund and the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance scheme.
“…However, Esping‐Andersen's three worlds of capitalism thesis has been criticized for overlooking gender and family issues (Daly, ; O’Connor, ). Analysts point out that patriarchal family structures make many women financially dependent on their male family members (Bambra, ; Nyberg, ). As a result, they have no choice but to bear the major caring responsibilities in the family.…”
Section: Defamilization and Familizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A possible way to tackle this problem is to assist women to maintain a reasonable standard of living independently of the family relationship. If women can achieve a higher degree of financial autonomy in the family, they are more likely to have sufficient freedom to choose whether or not to bear the major caring responsibilities in the family (Nyberg, ). In relation to this suggestion on defending women's welfare, Lister introduced the concept of defamilization in 1994:(T)he dimension of decommodification needs also to be complemented by that of what we might call “defamilization,” if it is to provide a rounded measure of economic independence.…”
Section: Defamilization and Familizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The two interpretations of defamilization have a close connection. Studies show that some women are vulnerable to a catch‐22 situation (Nyberg, ). On the one hand, they want to earn a living through taking part in the work economy.…”
Section: Defamilization and Familizationmentioning
Familization and defamilization studies are increasingly seen as an important component of welfare research. They are concerned with the threats to the welfare of individuals caused by involuntary participation in the unwanted family relationship. Moreover, they address the idea that governments have the potential to reduce these threats through the provision of welfare measures. This article contributes to the familization and defamilizaion studies with the focus on the link between these studies and the studies of residualization strategies. It carries out three analytical tasks. The first is to present a new defamilization and familization framework. The second is to demonstrate the usefulness of this framework in analyzing the problem of employing the residualization strategies to reform the old‐age income security system. Our focus is particularly on the insufficient sensitivity of these strategies to women's (and men's) diverse preferences relating to ways of organizing their family life. The third is to demonstrate the empirical significance of this framework. To meet this objective, we apply the framework to the investigation of two old‐age income security measures in Hong Kong—the Mandatory Provident Fund and the Comprehensive Social Security Assistance scheme.
“…It is important to note that an independent income may give women a voice to negotiate power relations within families, and a way to opt out of unsatisfactory relationships (Bennett & Daly, ). Hence, Nyberg () argued that while independence from the labor market was an important criterion for male workers' emancipation, inclusion in paid work is an essential requirement for women's emancipation. In fact, the expansion of education and working opportunities for women are seen to be a social force for challenging patriarchy (Therborn, ).…”
Section: Defamilization and Familization—conceptual Issuesmentioning
This paper examines how defamilization and familization measures can affect women's capacity to accumulate pension income and their subsequent standard of living after retirement. Firstly, it highlights the concepts of defamilization and familization and discusses the potential of these measures in assisting women to save pension income through the "commodification" and "decommodification" of labor. Secondly, it examines the major pension policies and examples of defamilization and familization measures in Taiwan. It shows how the current limited provision of such measures could create "double jeopardy" for women, affecting access to paid employment or resources to enable women who wish to undertake caring responsibilities to do so, ultimately impacting their capacity to accumulate pension income. Thirdly, it suggests ways to strengthen defamilization and familization measures in order to enable women to accumulate sufficient retirement income on the basis of three preconditions: policy attention to the reciprocal relationship between familization/defamilization measures and pension schemes for women; a recognition of differences between women in their preferred strategies to accumulate pension income; and an emphasis on a life course perspective to understand the double jeopardies faced by women in saving for retirement. K E Y W O R D S defamilization, familization, life course approach, pension income, Taiwan, women
“…One of the solutions to this problem is to provide measures to assist women to earn income from the paid labour market. Nyberg (2002) argues that independence from the labour market has been an important criterion for male workers' emancipation, whereas inclusion in paid work has been an essential requirement for women's emancipation. An independent income is important given links between individual income and pension receipt in retirement (Price, 2007, Foster, 2010 and the fact that household income is not guaranteed to be distributed evenly (Bennett and Daly, 2014).…”
(150 words)This paper examines the relevance of two interpretations of defamilisation (the 'freedom of family' and the 'freedom of women from the family') to the search for effective measures for strengthening women's participation in the paid labour market. Based on these two interpretations, two types of defamilisation measures (care-focused and women's) are identified. Two defamilisation indices are developed respectively covering twelve countries.The importance of the two types of defamilisation measures in assisting women to access employment are discussed from two angles. The input anglerefers to the extent to which countries are committed to the provision of these two defamilisation measures. The output angle is about the relationship between the two defamilisation measures and the degree of women's participation in the paid labour market. Through conducting these analytical tasks, this paper also contributes to the examination of the relationship between types of welfare regimes and the provision of defamilisation measures.
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