Gender Difference in General Self-Efficacy among Young-Old Elderly Aged 60–74 in Rural Shandong China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Wang, Yali; Xu, Lingzhong; Qin, Wenzhe; Zhang, Jiao; Xia, Yu; Jing, Xiang; Lu, Lu; Jiao, Anan; Li, Yaozu

doi:10.3390/ijerph16245070

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Our correlation analyses in Study 2 showed that gender was not significantly correlated with state self-efficacy, which is inconsistent with some previous studies, in which males had significantly higher general self-efficacy than females [ 49 , 50 , 51 ] because males are sometimes overconfident of their abilities and performance when self-recognizing, whereas females show the opposite [ 52 ]. However, our findings are consistent with other previous studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

People Cheat on Task Performance When They Feel Bored: The Mediating Role of State Self-Efficacy

Feng

Liu

Zhong

2022

Behavioral Sciences

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It is unclear whether the state of boredom is related to morality. The present study investigated how state boredom influenced cheating behaviors on task performance. In Study 1 (N = 104), participants were induced to feel bored, and then reported whether they had finished an anagram task (two sentences in the task were unsolvable). The results found that people with higher boredom showed more cheating behaviors than those with lower boredom on task performance. In Study 2 (N = 139), participants completed the Multidimensional State Boredom Scale, and then completed the same anagram task as in Study 1, as well as a state self-efficacy scale. The results revealed that state self-efficacy mediated the effect of state boredom on cheating behaviors on task performance. In other words, a higher level of state boredom leads to a lower level of state self-efficacy, and the lower state self-efficacy then results in more cheating behaviors. The present study provides empirical evidence that state boredom has its moral function through state self-efficacy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

People Cheat on Task Performance When They Feel Bored: The Mediating Role of State Self-Efficacy

Feng

Liu

Zhong

2022

Behavioral Sciences

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“…In terms of male-female differences, the positive association between daily care services utilisation and the mental health level was significant only among the male elderly. With the traditional roles of men breadwinners and women homemakers, females generally have played the primary role of taking care of families [ 47 , 48 ]. Under the influence of the traditional gender role attitude, women might feel lost when they get older and shift into the role of receiving such services instead of providing them [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural-urban and gender differences in the association between community care services and elderly individuals’ mental health: a case from Shaanxi Province, China

Liu

Wang

Dai

2021

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background While community care services have been developing rapidly as a new way to meet the growing demands of elderly individuals in China, their health benefits are virtually unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the Chinese elderly individuals’ utilisation of community care services and its association with the mental health with comparing rural-urban and gender differences. Methods For this 2019 cross-sectional study, 687 elderly people from 7 counties (districts) of China’s Shaanxi province were enrolled. Respondents’ mental health level was assessed using a self-reported mental health measure. Four categories of community care services utilisation were examined: daily care services, medical care services, social and recreational services and spiritual comfort services. The binary logistic regression model was used in examining the association between community care services utilisation and mental health. Results Our results showed that there was a noted difference in mental health level between the male and female groups. Utilisation of medical care services and social and recreational services was significantly higher in the rural group than that in the urban group. Regression analysis showed that utilisation of daily care services (β = 0.809, p = 0.008) and social and recreational service (β = 0.526, p = 0.035) was significantly and positively associated with elderly individuals’ mental health level. Specifically, daily care services utilisation predicted a better mental health of the rural elderly (β = 1.051, p = 0.036) and the male elderly (β = 1.133, p = 0.053), while social and recreational services utilisation predicted a better mental health of the urban elderly (β = 0.927, p = 0.008) and the female elderly (β = 0.864, p = 0.007). Conclusions Our findings indicated varied levels of community care services utilisation and mental health are common among the elderly people in China. Community care services utilisation has a positive, albeit selective, association with elderly individuals’ mental health. Further policies should strengthen the equitable development of high-quality community care services in urban and rural areas to improve the mental health of elderly individuals, and focus more on gender differences in terms of community care services needs.

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“…In comparison to disease prevalence, indicators such as ADL and IADL disability, which reflect the cumulative effects of morbidity, are more revealing in terms of describing health and capability in older populations because of the high rates of co-morbidity and the interaction between disease and the ageing process (Parker et al, 2008;Manton et al, 1993). Research shows that dependence in ADL is associated with increased risk of mortality (Millán-Calenti et al, 2010), and that those individuals who are dependent in ADL are also likely to be dependent in IADL (Wang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Functional Ability and Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the macro-level, severe disability poses a significant financial burden on healthcare services since it often results in loss of independence, requiring the provision of round-the-clock assistance (Verropoulou & Tsimbos, 2017). Although disability rates increase with age, in particular among the oldest-old (Wang et al, 2019), there is much debate about whether later-born cohorts of older adults will face the same disability rates as earlier-born cohorts. Many studies have suggested a compression of morbidity, implying that the future care needs of older adults will not follow the demographic prognoses.…”

Section: Functional Ability and Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Capability Approach in Epidemiological Studies

Skoog

Erhag

Kern

et al. 2022

International Perspectives on Aging

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Population epidemiology is the science that deals with disorders and certain conditions at the population level, i.e. at the macro-level. In contrast to experimental studies, the scientist in epidemiology cannot manipulate conditions to make studies of associations as pure as possible. The science of epidemiological studies examines the occurrence of diseases, risk and protective factors for diseases, and the prognosis of different disorders and conditions in different populations. The capability approach is an ideal framework for epidemiological studies because it captures the dynamic and multiple processes involved in these types of studies, in relation to both time and space, as well as socioeconomic, psychological and biological factors. Determinants for common disorders and conditions include complex interactions among a multitude of factors acting between and within macro-, meso- and micro-levels during the life-course of an individual. In this chapter, we will discuss how the capability approach can be used in epidemiology in general, and in old age in particular, giving examples from specific conditions, such as cognitive function and dementia, depression, multimorbidity and functional ability, and non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, such as genetics and nutrition. We conclude that the capability approach is a valuable tool in epidemiological studies. In these types of studies, capability is the final outcome of the dynamic interactions between a multitude of factors at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels leading to disorders and other conditions, which leads to restrictions in the individual’s ability to perform actions in order to reach goals he or she has reason to value.

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Gender Difference in General Self-Efficacy among Young-Old Elderly Aged 60–74 in Rural Shandong China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

People Cheat on Task Performance When They Feel Bored: The Mediating Role of State Self-Efficacy

People Cheat on Task Performance When They Feel Bored: The Mediating Role of State Self-Efficacy

Rural-urban and gender differences in the association between community care services and elderly individuals’ mental health: a case from Shaanxi Province, China

The Capability Approach in Epidemiological Studies

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