Gender Difference in the Proportionality Factor Between the Mass Specific V·O_2maxand the Ratio Between HR_maxand HR_rest

Abstract

The maximal rate of oxygen uptake uptake (VO2max) is an important determinant of cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic performance. Estimation of VO2max from body mass (BM), maximal heart rate (HR (max)) and resting heart rate (HR(rest)) has recently been conducted in a group of well-trained men using the equation: dot VO2max = BM.PF.(HR(max)/HR(rest)), where PF denotes the proportionality factor between HR(max)/HR(rest) and the mass specific VO2max. Fick principle calculations show that PF is given as the product of the mass specific resting oxygen uptake (VO2rest) and the maximum-to-resting ratios for stroke volume and the arterio-venous O2 difference. Due to women's lower mass specific VO2rest, a gender PF difference was hypothesised. In the present study PF was examined in a sample of 27 trained female subjects, and compared with a similar study conducted in men. Significant gender difference was observed in PF, but there was no gender difference when lean BM replaced BM in the PF calculation. Accordingly, VO2max could be estimated indirectly by the following equation: dot VO2max = BM.PF.(HR(max)/HR(rest)), where PF is 14.5 ml.min(-1).kg(-1) for women and 15.3 ml.min(-1).kg(-1) for men. Cross validation showed that the SEE was 0.22 l/min (approximately 6.8 %).

Sex differences in drug addiction and response to exercise intervention: From human to animal studies

“…However, other studies showed no sex differences in these exercise induced effects on a cardiovascular rehabilitation (Pina et al , 2014), while others reported that exercise might be a more important preventive factor for cardiovascular disease in women than men (Morita and Okita, 2013). Some of these different exercise effects on health between men and women are associated with sex-specific physiology in general, such as levels of maximal oxygen uptake, heart size, peak cardiac output (Uth, 2005; Wong et al , 2008; Winsley et al , 2009), and types of muscle fiber (Storey and Smith, 2012; Harris et al , 2012; Hicks et al , 2001). In general, there are sex differences in aerobic exercise associated with health improvements in both healthy people and individuals suffering from various diseases.…”

Body Fat and Racial Genetic Admixture Are Associated With Aerobic Fitness Levels in a Multiethnic Pediatric Population

“…Several studies have investigated the association of physical activity and aerobic fitness during weight loss or longitudinal follow-up studies; however, further research is needed to evaluate whether increased physical activity significantly improves pediatric aerobic fitness without changes in body fat (4,(32)(33)(34). Additionally, investigations among adults have reported higher aerobic fitness in men compared to women (35). Among children, aerobic fitness is also higher in boys compared to girls (36); however, during early puberty this difference is less likely due to sex hormone differences compared to physical activity levels.…”

Biologically relevant sex differences for fitness-related parameters in active octogenarians

“…It is important to note that this differentiation between male and female subjects still remains relevant after normalization to lean body mass estimated by DXA measurement, for V O 2 max (+17%), P max (+58%) and MEL (+19%). The sexspecific differences are noteworthy as in younger subjects sex-specific differences for V O 2 max are known to disappear with normalization to lean body mass (Uth 2005;Vinet et al 2003;Washburn and Seals 1984). Vinet et al (2003) stated that differences for V O 2 max between male and female children are due to differences in body composition.…”