Gender differences and gender convergence in alcohol use over the past three decades (1984–2008), The HUNT Study, Norway

Abstract

BackgroundTo examine changes in men‘s and women’s drinking in Norway over a 20-year period, in order to learn whether such changes have led to gender convergence in alcohol drinking.MethodsRepeated cross-sectional studies (in 1984–86, 1995–97, and 2006–08) of a large general population living in a geographically defined area (county) in Norway. Information about alcohol drinking is based on self-report questionnaires. Not all measures were assessed in all three surveys.ResultsAdult alcohol drinking patterns have changed markedly over a 20-year period. Abstaining has become rarer while consumption and rates of recent drinking and problematic drinking have increased. Most changes were in the same direction for men and women, but women have moved towards men’s drinking patterns in abstaining, recent drinking, problematic drinking and consumption. Intoxication (among recent drinkers) has decreased in both genders, but more in men than in women. The declines in gender differences, however, were age-specific and varied depending on which drinking behavior and which beverage was taken into account.ConclusionsThere has been a gender convergence in most drinking behaviours, including lifetime history of problem drinking, over the past 2–3 decades in this Norwegian general population, but the reasons for this convergence appear to be complex.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3384-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Is there gender convergence in risky drinking when taking birth cohorts into account? Evidence from an Australian national survey 2001–13

“…Our findings differ from some recent research that has identified ongoing gender convergence in drinking, although many of these studies are from different settings . Alati et al .…”

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“…A similar pattern was found for lifetime prevalence of AUD and DUD. While the lifetime prevalence of AUD in our study was lower than that in the general Norwegian or US population, the lifetime prevalence of DUD was considerably higher (34,35,36,38).…”

“…The higher prevalence rates of AUD and DUD in men compared to women are in accordance with gender differences in the general population (34,35,36,37). In line with others we find that women reported higher levels of hyperactivity-impulsivity (46) and ED (47) compared with men.…”

“…The 12-month prevalence of AUD was similar to the general population prevalence in Norway and US (34,35,36). In contrast, the 12-month prevalence of DUD (13.7%) was considerably higher than the 3.9% prevalence in the US population (37).…”

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“…Esto podría explicarse por cuestiones relacionadas con diferencias en la conducta social como parte de los roles de género (Bratberg et al, 2016). Las ocasiones de consumo reducidas, no obstante, fueron la tercera razón en la muestra total, y algunos autores han alertado sobre la importancia de los motivos sociales de consumo en la adopción de patrones de ingesta de alcohol de riesgo, con diferencias según grupos culturales (Van Damme, Maes, Clays, Rosiers, Van Hal, & Hublet, 2013).…”