Gender Differences for Ghrelin Levels in Alcohol‐Dependent Patients and Differences Between Alcoholics and Healthy Controls

Wurst, Friedrich Martin; Graf, Iris; Ehrenthal, H. D.; Klein, S.; Backhaus, Jutta; Blank, S; Graf, Marc; Pridzun, Lutz; Wiesbeck, Gerhard A.; Junghanns, Klaus

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00527.x

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In particular, Hillemacher et al (2007) reported a significant relationship between ghrelin and OCDS score in an alcoholic subtype (Lesch type 1) characterized by a positive family history of alcoholism. Wurst et al (2007) found a relationship between ghrelin levels and the compulsive subscore of the OCDS scale in female alcoholics. As further evidence of the role of the ghrelin system in AD, a study demonstrated that the SNP rs2232165 of the GHS-R1A gene was associated with heavy alcohol consumption and SNP rs2948694 of the same gene was associated with BMI in heavy alcohol drinkers (Landgren et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Third, the relatively small sample size did not allow us to perform additional analyses, which should be addressed by future larger studies, i.e. the role of ghrelin according to possible alcoholic subtypes (see: Hillemacher et al, 2007; Leggio et al, 2009c; Leggio, 2010), as well as potential gender differences in the link between ghrelin and alcohol drinking and craving (see: Wurst et al, 2007). Additionally, the trends of ghrelin levels in the abstinent vs. non-abstinent subject, as outlined in the Figure 3 (see in particular T2), might suggest a potential tendency for a homeostatic stabilization of ghrelin levels, although this only remains speculative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ghrelin system in alcohol‐dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving

et al. 2011

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Animal studies suggest that the gut-brain peptide ghrelin plays an important role in the neurobiology of alcohol dependence (AD). Human studies show an effect of alcohol on ghrelin levels and a correlation between ghrelin levels and alcohol craving in alcoholics. This investigation consisted of two studies. Study 1 was a 12-week study with alcohol-dependent subjects, where plasma ghrelin determinations were assessed four times (T0-T3) and related to alcohol intake and craving [Penn Alcohol Craving Score (PACS) and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS)]. Serum growth hormone (GH) levels and assessment of the nutritional/metabolic status were also performed. Study 2 was a pilot case-control study to assess ghrelin gene polymorphisms (Arg51Gln and Leu72Met) in alcohol-dependent individuals. Study 1 showed no significant differences in ghrelin levels in the whole sample, while there was a statistical difference for ghrelin between non-abstinent and abstinent subjects. Baseline ghrelin levels were significantly and positively correlated with the PACS score at T1 and with all craving scores both at T2 and T3 (PACS, OCDS, obsessive and compulsive OCDS subscores). In Study 2, although there was a higher frequency of the Leu72Met ghrelin gene polymorphism in alcohol-dependent individuals, the distribution between healthy controls and alcohol dependent individuals was not statistically significant. This investigation suggests that ghrelin is potentially able to affect alcohol-seeking behaviors, such as alcohol drinking and craving, representing a new potential neuropharmacological target for AD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin system in alcohol‐dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving

et al. 2011

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“…Plasma ghrelin levels have been reported as higher in alcoholics than in controls (Kim et al, 2005;Kraus et al, 2005) and have been positively correlated to the duration of abstinence (Kim et al, 2005) as well as to craving (Addolorato et al, 2006;Hillemacher et al, 2007a;Wurst et al, 2007). Interestingly, in active drinking alcoholics the ghrelin levels were reduced (Addolorato et al, 2006;Badaoui et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The alcohol-induced locomotor stimulation and accumbal dopamine release is suppressed in ghrelin knockout mice

Jerlhag

Landgren

Egecioglu

et al. 2011

Alcohol

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“…Another study has also supported these findings by demonstrating that plasma acyl-ghrelin levels slightly increased during abstinence (0–14 days) (Koopmann et al, 2012). However, there are studies that contradict these findings by showing decreased total ghrelin levels in abstinent alcohol dependents (Wurst et al, 2007; de Timary et al, 2012). These conflicting results may be due to differences in looking at active acyl-ghrelin vs. total ghrelin, gender differences, sample sizes and the time after abstinence.…”

Section: Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-brain peptides in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and alcohol use disorders

et al. 2014

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Peptides synthesized in endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract and neurons are traditionally considered regulators of metabolism, energy intake, and appetite. However, recent work has demonstrated that many of these peptides act on corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and, in turn, regulate addictive behaviors. Given that alcohol is a source of energy and an addictive substance, it is not surprising that increasing evidence supports a role for gut-brain peptides specifically in alcohol use disorders (AUD). In this review, we discuss the effects of several gut-brain peptides on alcohol-related behaviors and the potential mechanisms by which these gut-brain peptides may interfere with alcohol-induced changes in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry. This review provides a summary of current knowledge on gut-brain peptides focusing on five peptides: neurotensin, glucagon-like peptide 1, ghrelin, substance P, and neuropeptide Y. Our review will be helpful to develop novel therapeutic targets for AUD.

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Gender Differences for Ghrelin Levels in Alcohol‐Dependent Patients and Differences Between Alcoholics and Healthy Controls

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Ghrelin system in alcohol‐dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving

Ghrelin system in alcohol‐dependent subjects: role of plasma ghrelin levels in alcohol drinking and craving

The alcohol-induced locomotor stimulation and accumbal dopamine release is suppressed in ghrelin knockout mice

Gut-brain peptides in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and alcohol use disorders

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