Gender differences in affective, schizoaffective, and schizophrenic disorders A review

Bardenstein, Karen K.; McGlashan, Thomas H.

doi:10.1016/0920-9964(90)90034-5

Cited by 118 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Although the observed differences in symptoms and functioning did not remain significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, they were exactly as predicted a priori, and they support the large literature in the field indicating that there are differences in the clinical presentation of male and female participants with psychotic disorders (Angermeyer, Kühn, & Goldstein, 1990;Bardenstein & McGlashan, 1990;DeLisi et al, 1989;Goldstein & Link, 1988;Grossman et al, 2006;Hambrecht et al, 1992;Lindamer et al, 2003;Shtasel et al, 1992;Usall et al, 2003). These findings suggest that underlying differences may predate the onset of psychosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Studies have consistently shown there are gender differences in age of onset, severity of negative symptoms, long-term functioning and social support for patients with schizophrenia (Angermeyer, Kühn, & Goldstein, 1990;Bardenstein & McGlashan, 1990;DeLisi et al, 1989;Goldstein & Link, 1988;Grossman et al, 2006;Hambrecht et al,1992;Lindamer et al, 2003;Shtasel et al, 1992;Usall et al, 2003). Some of these differences have also been observed in individuals with schizotypal personality disorder and other schizophrenia spectrum disorders Gurrera et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Gender differences in symptoms, functioning and social support in patients at ultra-high risk for developing a psychotic disorder

Willhite

Niendam

Bearden

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Gender differences have been widely observed in the clinical presentation, psychosocial functioning and course of illness in first episode and chronic patients suffering from schizophrenia. However, little is known about gender differences in the psychosis prodrome. This study investigated gender differences in symptoms, functioning and social support in individuals at ultra-high-risk for developing a psychotic disorder. Sixty-eight ultra-high-risk patients were assessed at baseline, and twenty-seven returned for follow-up assessments approximately six and twelve months later. Clinical symptoms and functioning were assessed by clinical interview; social support was measured using a self-report questionnaire. There were no gender differences in demographic variables, symptoms or functioning at baseline. Males were found to have significantly higher levels of negative symptoms and marginally lower levels of functioning when baseline and follow-up time points were considered collectively. Additionally, females reported higher levels of social support at baseline. Differences in negative symptoms were found to mediate differences in functioning between male and female patients. This study suggests that gender based differences in symptom presentation and functional outcome may predate conversion to psychosis. Follow-up studies should examine the relationship between symptoms, functioning and social support in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Gender differences in symptoms, functioning and social support in patients at ultra-high risk for developing a psychotic disorder

Willhite

Niendam

Bearden

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Since theories of a possible neuroprotective potential for estrogen have been reported (Bardenstein and McGlashan, 1990), further investigations are needed to reveal possible gender differences in age effects on brain connectivity. Finally, an additional study limitation is the fact that the sequence used in this study was a relatively low resolution (especially out-of-plane) and only 6 directions of diffusion were collected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related deficits in fronto-temporal connections in schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study

Rosenberger

Kubicki

Nestor

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Objective-Impairment of white matter connecting frontal and temporal cortices has been reported in schizophrenia. Yet, not much is known about the effects of age on fibers connecting these brain regions. Using diffusion tensor imaging tractography, we investigated the relationship between age and fiber integrity in patients with schizophrenia vs. healthy adults.Methods-DTI tractography was used to create 3D reconstructions of the cingulum, uncinate and inferior occipito-frontal fasciculi in 27 patients with schizophrenia and 34 healthy volunteers (23-56 years of age, group-matched on age). Fractional anisotropy (FA), describing fiber integrity, was then calculated along the entire length of these tracts, and correlated with subjects' age.Results-Patients revealed a significant decline in FA with age in both the cingulum and uncinate, but not in the inferior occipito-frontal fasciculi. No statistically significant correlations were found in these fiber bundles in controls. ContributorsRosenberger G. and Kubicki M. designed the study. Connor E., Bushell G., and Markant D. collected some of the data and did PUBMED searchers. Nestor P.G., Niznikiewicz M., and Saykin A., undertook the statistical analyses. Rosenberger G.wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Shenton M.,Kikinis R.,Westin C-F., and McCarley R.W. had substantial input on aspects of the design of the study and Shenton M. and Saykin A. had substantial input in editing multiple versions of the manuscript. Shenton M. and McCarley R.W. also had input on clinical aspects of the design including the selection of diagnostic and clinical measures. All other authors contributed to and have improved the final manuscript. Conflict of interestThere are no conflicts of interest. Conclusions-These results suggest an age-associated reduction of frontal-temporal connectivity in schizophrenia, but not in healthy controls. NIH Public Access

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“…Mental disorders, suicide method, and history of previous suicide attempts have been found to vary with age and sex among suicide victims in the general population (26)(27)(28). Furthermore, among living subjects with schizophrenia, age, sex, and illness duration have been related to various characteristics of outcome (29)(30)(31). However, to our knowledge the effects of age, sex, and illness duration on suicide-related characteristics have not been studied previously in persons with schizophrenia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Suicide and schizophrenia: a nationwide psychological autopsy study on age- and sex-specific clinical characteristics of 92 suicide victims with schizophrenia

1997

AJP

252

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T he risk of suicide in schizophrenia is high; it is estimated that 10%-13% of all persons suffering from schizophrenia commit suicide (1). Suicide rates vary among mortality studies, between 147 and 750 per 100,000 persons with schizophrenia per year (2-6). The rate is consistently higher among men than women, but some studies have shown a higher standardized mortality ratio for women (7-9). The prevalence of schizophrenia among unselected persons who committed suicide has varied from 2% to 12% (10-16).Many studies of clinical characteristics of suicide victims with schizophrenia have been compromised by the relatively small numbers of subjects and thus inadequate representation of women for comparisons of the sexes, by the heterogenous diagnostic criteria used, by the frequent selection of the suicide population from hospitals, and by data based only on patient records.Seven studies (17-23) have so far investigated completed suicides among groups of 15 or more suicide victims with DSM-III or DSM-III-R schizophrenia. In these studies young adult age, male sex, and mean illness duration under 10 years have characterized suicide victims with schizophrenia. Some studies, however, have shown an increased rate of suicide mortality over the span of the illness (24). Comorbid depressive symptoms, alcoholism, previous suicide attempts, and communication of suicidal intent have been associated with suicide risk (15,17,(19)(20)(21). These, as well as some physical disorders, have also been found to be associated with suicide in the general population (25). Mental disorders, suicide method, and history of previous suicide attempts have been found to vary with age and sex

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Gender differences in affective, schizoaffective, and schizophrenic disorders A review

Cited by 118 publications

References 87 publications

Gender differences in symptoms, functioning and social support in patients at ultra-high risk for developing a psychotic disorder

Gender differences in symptoms, functioning and social support in patients at ultra-high risk for developing a psychotic disorder

Age-related deficits in fronto-temporal connections in schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study

Suicide and schizophrenia: a nationwide psychological autopsy study on age- and sex-specific clinical characteristics of 92 suicide victims with schizophrenia

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