Gender differences in burden of care and coping strategies among caregivers of schizophrenia patients

Kumar, Santosh; Dixit, Vidhata; Ali, Ramjan

doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_44_22

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In a developing country like India, females from a rural background and lower socioeconomic conditions are usually unemployed. [ 29 30 31 ] These women are usually homemakers there and are dependent financially on male members of the family. Since social ostracism is more in females with vitiligo,[ 5 6 24 ] they may feel desperate to get rid of the lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in quality of life of vitiligo patients attending a tertiary care center

Kumar,

Kesari,

Dixit

et al. 2023

Industrial Psychiatry Journal

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Background: Vitiligo is a common depigmenting dermatosis characterized by milky-white macules or patches. Any pathological discoloration of the skin has been linked to an impact on the body image of an individual, and vitiligo has been linked to decreased self-esteem and poor socialization of the affected people. In Indian society, vitiligo is labeled as Shweta-Kushta (i.e., white-colored leprosy) and is compared to leprosy—a more stigmatizing skin condition. Aim: This study aims to study gender-related differences in the quality of life of Indian vitiligo patients. Methodology: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, a total of 55 vitiligo patients (females 25 and males 30) were enrolled using the purposive sampling technique. The sample was assessed on Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS), and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) to assess their quality of life, self-esteem, and psychological well-being, respectively. The gender differences in sociodemographic and clinical details as well as their relationship with the quality of life of the patients were sought with the help of appropriate statistical measures. Results: The patients of both genders were comparable in terms of all sociodemographic and clinical variables except the females being less educated and employed than the males. There was a statistically significant trend of higher mean DLQI total score in females than males (6.6 ± 3.55 vs 4.8 ± 2.71, Mann–Whitney U = 263.5, P =0.058). Significantly, the average DLQI score in female vitiligo patients was negatively related to family income (rs = -.659, P <.001) and it was significantly higher for the patients from a rural background than those from an urban background (8.55 ± 3.30 vs 5.07 ± 3.03, Mann–Whitney U = 33.5, P <.05). The average DLQI score was negatively correlated to RSS score but positively correlated to GHQ-12 score in patients of both genders. Conclusion: The quality of life of female patients with vitiligo is poorer than the same in male patients. The poor financial condition of families and rural living are two factors related to the poorer quality of life of female patients. A poorer quality of life in vitiligo patients of both genders is linked with decreased self-esteem and decreased psychological well-being. Gender-related issues in the quality of life and the overall well-being of such patients are important in their management and policy-making.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in quality of life of vitiligo patients attending a tertiary care center

Kumar,

Kesari,

Dixit

et al. 2023

Industrial Psychiatry Journal

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“…The patients co-morbid with substance use disorders, language defects, and debilitating physical conditions were excluded from the study. As adopted from another Indian study,[ 14 ] the caregivers were defined as the family members accompanying the patients during their hospital visits and they were defined to be living with and taking care of their patients’ day-to-day needs (including medications) for at least 1-year duration as well as being free from the burden of care of another family member with any psychiatric illness living in the same household. The caregivers were in the age range of 18 to 65 years; related to the patients as spouses, children/children-in-law, or siblings; and without intellectual disabilities or other co-morbidities to hamper the true opinion and care toward their patients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia with patients’ sociodemographic & clinical details and caregivers’ distress

Deo,

Singh,

Sinha

et al. 2024

Industrial Psychiatry Journal

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Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) influence dementia care significantly. BPSD can be affected by factors related to the patient’s illness and socio-cultural background. Aim: This study aimed to find a relationship between BPSD with patients’ socio-demographic and clinical profiles and their caregivers’ distress in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, the purposive sampling technique was used to select 100 dementia patients. A comprehensive record of socio-demographic and clinical details was made on a self-prepared semi-structured data sheet. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire was the principal tool to find the BPSD and related caregivers’ distress. Results: The sample comprised predominantly Hindu (91%) male patients (66%) with Alzheimer’s dementia (76%) coming from rural backgrounds (74%) and joint familial systems (96%), with a mean age of 71.77 ± 7.41 years. Patients’ main caregivers were their children/children-in-law (65%). The severity of an overall BPSD and its variable individual domains were directly related to the duration of dementia, patients’ age, their cognitive decline, and related decline in activities of living, as well as their caregivers’ distress. In comparison to Alzheimer’s disease patients, those with other dementia types had more impairment in cognitive functions and activities of daily living and they had a higher number and severity of BPSD. Conclusion: The advancing age, increased duration of dementia, and decline in cognition and related activities of daily living of the patients, as well as their caregivers’ distress, are important correlates of BPSD. The findings are essential for the better management of dementia patients.

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The Burden of Caregiving and Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Bipolar Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Mohanty,

Mahanta,

Mohapatra

et al. 2024

World Social Psychiatry

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Background: Caring for patients with severe mental illness could be stressful. Information regarding the burden and quality of life (QOL) of the family caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD) is scant from India. It was intended to study the burden and QOL of the caregivers of patients with BD and their association with sociodemographic factors. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in a tertiary-level psychiatric hospital. Caregivers (n = 60) of patients with BD were assessed using the Family Burden Interview Schedule and World Health Organization QOL-BREF, along with their sociodemographic data. Results: Caregivers reported considerable burden in various areas, and a large proportion (71.7%) had higher burden and this group had significantly lower QOL in all domains. Burden and QOL had variations among demographic groups. There was no difference in the burden reported by male and female caregivers, however, the former appeared to have better QOL. Caregivers with the lowest income had considerable burden and poor QOL, besides the caregivers with lower education and from nuclear families. Conclusions: Family caregivers of patients with BD experienced considerable burden and had poorer QOL. Caregivers with lower education, the lowest income, and nuclear families had greater challenges. Assessment of caregivers’ needs and provision of appropriate support require prioritization.

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Gender differences in burden of care and coping strategies among caregivers of schizophrenia patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Gender differences in quality of life of vitiligo patients attending a tertiary care center

Gender differences in quality of life of vitiligo patients attending a tertiary care center

Correlation of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia with patients’ sociodemographic & clinical details and caregivers’ distress

The Burden of Caregiving and Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Bipolar Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

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