Gender Differences in Carbohydrate Metabolism and Carbohydrate Loading

Wismann, J; Willoughby, Darryn

doi:10.1186/1550-2783-3-1-28

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…On the other hand, others have theorized that the energy consumption during the luteal phase is due to fat instead of carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in the increased glucose levels in the luteal phase. This metabolism pattern is also attributed to the role of estradiol in relation to carbohydrate metabolism and loading in the luteal phase [17,18]. In the present study, the authors found an increase in insulin resistance and the progesterone level in healthy women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in comparison to the follicular phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance in healthy women and women with premenstrual syndrome: a comparative study

Zarei

Mosalanejad

Ghobadifar

2013

Clin Exp Reprod Med

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ObjectiveTo compare the blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance during the two phases of the menstrual cycle between healthy women and patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).MethodsFrom January of 2011 to the August of 2012, a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among students in the School of Medicine of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. We included 30 students with the most severe symptoms of PMS and 30 age frequency-matched healthy controls. We analyzed the serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance by using the glucose oxidase method, radioimmunometric assay, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance equation, respectively.ResultsNo significant differences between the demographic data of the control and PMS groups were observed. The mean concentrations of glucose of the two study groups were significantly different during the follicular and luteal phases (p=0.011 vs. p<0.0001, respectively). The amounts of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of the two study groups were significantly different in the luteal phase (p=0.0005).ConclusionThe level of blood glucose and insulin resistance was lower during the two phases of the menstrual cycle of the PMS group than that of the controls.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance in healthy women and women with premenstrual syndrome: a comparative study

Zarei

Mosalanejad

Ghobadifar

2013

Clin Exp Reprod Med

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“…Certainly there were some differences with respect to the content of individual nutrients in the three cooking styles tested, but for most components the contents of the three diets were not as different as generally believed ( Table 3 ). One should keep in mind that the differences between individuals, even healthy individuals, with respect to carbohydrate metabolism [ 56 ], insulin secretion and sensitivity [ 57 , 58 ], lipid [ 59 , 60 ] and vitamin metabolism [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ] are by far greater than the differences between the nutrient contents in the three groups tested. Thus healthy individuals have the capacity to balance the differences in the nutrient composition of common diets as long as changes in the caloric uptake are avoided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No short-term effects of calorie-controlled Mediterranean or fast food dietary interventions on established biomarkers of vascular or metabolic risk in healthy individuals

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThis study addressed the question whether the composition of supposedly 'healthy' or 'unhealthy' dietary regimes has a calorie-independent short-term effect on biomarkers of metabolic stress and vascular risk in healthy individuals.SUBJECTS/METHODSHealthy male volunteers (age 29.5 ± 5.9 years, n = 39) were given a standardized baseline diet for two weeks before randomization into three groups of different dietary regimes: fast food, Mediterranean and German cooking style. Importantly, the amount of calories consumed per day was identical in all three groups. Blood samples were analyzed for biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and metabolic stress after two weeks of the baseline diet and after two weeks of the assigned dietary regime.RESULTSNo dietary intervention affected the metabolic or cardiovascular risk profile when compared in-between groups or compared to baseline. Subjects applied to the Mediterranean diet showed a statistically significant increase of uric acid compared to baseline and compared to the German diet group. Plasma concentrations of urea were significantly higher in both the fast food group and the Mediterranean group, when compared to baseline and compared to the German diet group. No significant differences were detected for the levels of vitamins, trace elements or metabolic stress markers (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and methylglyoxal, a potent glycating agent). Established parameters of vascular risk (e.g. LDL-cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine) were not significantly changed in-between groups or compared to baseline during the intervention period.CONCLUSIONSThe calorie-controlled dietary intervention caused neither protective nor harmful short-term effects regarding established biomarkers of vascular or metabolic risk. When avoiding the noxious effects of overfeeding, healthy individuals can possess the metabolic capacity to compensate for a potentially disadvantageous composition of a certain diet.

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“…This was not the case. Additionally, we checked whether gender affected our analyses by stratifying for gender since dietary behaviour is diversiform between women and men [50] and gender has been noted as a major determinant in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism [51][52][53]. However, only negligible differences were found.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitual dietary intake of IBD patients differs from population controls: a case–control study

et al. 2020

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Background Since evidence-based dietary guidelines are lacking for IBD patients, they tend to follow "unguided" dietary habits; potentially leading to nutritional deficiencies and detrimental effects on disease course. Therefore, we compared dietary intake of IBD patients with controls. Methods Dietary intake of macronutrients and 25 food groups of 493 patients (207 UC, 286 CD), and 1291 controls was obtained via a food frequency questionnaire. Results 38.6% of patients in remission had protein intakes below the recommended 0.8 g/kg and 86.7% with active disease below the recommended 1.2 g/kg. Multinomial logistic regression, corrected for age, gender and BMI, showed that (compared to controls) UC patients consumed more meat and spreads, but less alcohol, breads, coffee and dairy; CD patients consumed more non-alcoholic drinks, potatoes, savoury snacks and sugar and sweets but less alcohol, dairy, nuts, pasta and prepared meals. Patients with active disease consumed more meat, soup and sugar and sweets but less alcohol, coffee, dairy, prepared meals and rice; patients in remission consumed more potatoes and spreads but less alcohol, breads, dairy, nuts, pasta and prepared meals. Conclusions Patients avoiding potentially favourable foods and gourmandizing potentially unfavourable foods are of concern. Special attention is needed for protein intake in the treatment of these patients.

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Gender Differences in Carbohydrate Metabolism and Carbohydrate Loading

Cited by 39 publications

References 40 publications

Blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance in healthy women and women with premenstrual syndrome: a comparative study

Blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance in healthy women and women with premenstrual syndrome: a comparative study

No short-term effects of calorie-controlled Mediterranean or fast food dietary interventions on established biomarkers of vascular or metabolic risk in healthy individuals

Habitual dietary intake of IBD patients differs from population controls: a case–control study

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