Gender differences in changes of motor cortex excitability during elevated blood lactate levels

Perciavalle, Valentina; Coco, Marinella; Alagona, Giovanna; Maci, Tiziana; Perciavalle, Vincenzo

doi:10.3109/08990220.2010.507102

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It was also observed that, at the end of the exercise, no gender difference was detected both in terms of errors and of blood lactate increases. This observation contrasts with what was observed in the primary motor cortex where the positive effect on excitability exerted by high blood lactate levels is greater in women than men [11]. This discrepancy could be dependent on the fact that the women of that study were submitted to TMS of M1 in mid-luteal phase of menstrual cycle, whereas in the present research, because of the timing of the experimental protocol, the women were studied without taking into account the phase of their menstrual cycle.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Working memory and blood lactate levels

et al. 2015

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The accumulation of lactate in the blood after a high-intensity exercise is associated with an increase of lactate extractions by the brain. Previously, a negative influence of blood lactate on attentional processes has been observed. The present study was carried out to examine the association of high blood lactate levels, induced with a maximal cycling, with another cognitive domain: working memory. For evaluation of working memory two different protocols were used: the first (Self-Ordered Pointing Task) capable of analyzing non-spatial working memory requiring the ability to generate and monitor a sequence of responses and the second for evaluating motor working memory necessary to perform a motor task. The study was carried out in 30 students (15 males and 15 females) who performed exhaustive exercise. In each subject, blood lactate was measured and motor as well as non-motor forms of working memory were evaluated before the exercise, at its end as well as 15 min after the exhaustion. It was observed that an increase of blood lactate levels is associated with a worsening of both types of working memory.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Working memory and blood lactate levels

et al. 2015

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“…From that we could speculate, that the observed decrease of PT with age might indicate a prolonged maturation process of the visual system. Finally, we observed a trend to higher PTs in males compared to females, whereas most studies showed no gender differences in baseline cortex excitability (Livingston et al, 2010 ; Perciavalle et al, 2010 ; Cuypers et al, 2014 ). In line with our observation that younger subjects had higher PTs, this difference is most probably due to the fact that mean age of males was lower than that of females, as revealed by the analysis of covariance.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

High visual demand following theta burst stimulation modulates the effect on visual cortex excitability

Brückner

Kammer

2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Modulatory effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) depend on the activity of the stimulated cortical area before, during, and even after application. In the present study, we investigated the effects of theta burst stimulation (TBS) on visual cortex excitability using phosphene threshold (PTs). In a between-group design either continuous or intermittent TBS was applied with 100% of individual PT intensity. We varied visual demand following stimulation in form of high demand (acuity task) or low demand (looking at the wall). No change of PTs was observed directly after TBS. We found increased PTs only if subjects had high visual demand following continuous TBS. With low visual demand following stimulation no change of PT was observed. Intermittent TBS had no effect on visual cortex excitability at all. Since other studies showed increased PTs following continuous TBS using subthreshold intensities, our results highlight the importance of stimulation intensity applying TBS to the visual cortex. Furthermore, the state of the neurons in the stimulated cortex area not only before but also following TBS has an important influence on the effects of stimulation, making it necessary to scrupulously control for activity during the whole experimental session in a study.

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“…A possible contribution to this gender-associated difference may arise from motivation intensity theory, indicating that men are more likely to be motivated by performance incentives (Barreto et al, 2012 ). Further, Perciavalle et al ( 2010 ) showed that motor cortex in women is more sensitive to increases in circulating blood lactate levels than men's motor cortex, hinting at sensitivity differences of physical exertion on a neural level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it Worth the Effort? Novel Insights into Obesity-Associated Alterations in Cost-Benefit Decision-Making

Mathar

Horstmann

Pleger

et al. 2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Cost-benefit decision-making entails the process of evaluating potential actions according to the trade-off between the expected reward (benefit) and the anticipated effort (costs). Recent research revealed that dopaminergic transmission within the fronto-striatal circuitry strongly modulates cost-benefit decision-making. Alterations within the dopaminergic fronto-striatal system have been associated with obesity, but little is known about cost-benefit decision-making differences in obese compared with lean individuals. With a newly developed experimental task we investigate obesity-associated alterations in cost-benefit decision-making, utilizing physical effort by handgrip-force exertion and both food and non-food rewards. We relate our behavioral findings to alterations in local gray matter volume assessed by structural MRI. Obese compared with lean subjects were less willing to engage in physical effort in particular for high-caloric sweet snack food. Further, self-reported body dissatisfaction negatively correlated with the willingness to invest effort for sweet snacks in obese men. On a structural level, obesity was associated with reductions in gray matter volume in bilateral prefrontal cortex. Nucleus accumbens volume positively correlated with task induced implicit food craving. Our results challenge the common notion that obese individuals are willing to work harder to obtain high-caloric food and emphasize the need for further exploration of the underlying neural mechanisms regarding cost-benefit decision-making differences in obesity.

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Gender differences in changes of motor cortex excitability during elevated blood lactate levels

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Working memory and blood lactate levels

Working memory and blood lactate levels

High visual demand following theta burst stimulation modulates the effect on visual cortex excitability

Is it Worth the Effort? Novel Insights into Obesity-Associated Alterations in Cost-Benefit Decision-Making

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