Gender differences in first self‐perceived signs and symptoms in patients with an at‐risk mental state and first‐episode psychosis

Heitz, Ulrike; Studerus, Erich; Menghini-Müller, S.; Papmeyer, Martina; Egloff, Laura; Ittig, Sarah; Navarra, Astrid; Andreou, Christina; Riecher‐Rössler, Anita

doi:10.1111/eip.12528

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The gender differences observed in our study have also been noted by other researchers: among adolescents, females show greater frequencies and distress due to the symptoms (Fonseca‐Pedrero, Inchausti, Perez‐Albeniz, & Ortuno‐Sierra, 2018) especially positive and affective symptoms, as well as increased anxiety (Heitz et al, 2019). Other evidence suggests that men may suffer greater intensity of negative psychotic symptoms and increased aggression during the prodromal phase in comparison to females (Barajas, Ochoa, Obiols, & Lalucat‐Jo, 2015; Heitz et al, 2019). On the other hand, Karcher et al (2018) observed nonsignificant differences in distress scores in a group of younger kids, while the difference in total score was significant with a higher mean among boys.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Assessing self‐reported clinical high risk symptoms: The psychometric properties of the polish version of the prodromal questionnaire‐brief and a proposal for an alternative approach to scoring

Starkowska

Tyburski

Kucharska-Mazur

et al. 2020

Early Intervention Psych

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Background Psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) might occur in the general population as low‐risk individual differences or prodromal features, requiring quick detection and early intervention. The aims of this study were to conduct a mini‐systematic review of the prognostic abilities of the Prodromal Questionnaire‐Brief (PQ‐B), describe the PLEs distribution for the first time in a Polish population, assess PQ‐B reliability and propose an innovative scoring approach based on cluster analysis. Methods Five hundred and twenty eight (334 female) adult volunteers underwent screening with the PQ‐B, 49% also underwent the early psychosis screening test PRIME, to verify the tests' psychometric properties, to compare the prognostic accuracy of the PQ‐B to the more restrictive PRIME, and to the detected types of possible diagnosis in the general population. Results Almost 70% of respondents met the prognostic criteria of the PQ‐B while only 30.6% met the PRIME criteria. Both tests proved reliable (α > .835) and valid (rho >.710; P < .001). A cluster analysis identified three different sub‐groups detected with the PQ‐B: healthy individuals without PLE; healthy with low‐distressing PLEs; and possibly prodromal subjects reporting less frequent but more distressing PLEs and no worries about their own mental state. Also in systematic reviews, authors of different adaptations have observed that the PQ‐B has too low specificity and postulated the need for higher cut‐offs. Conclusion Study provides evidence of good reliability and sensitivity of the PQ‐B in assessing PLEs among the general population, but emphasizes that straightforward quantitative scoring criteria are still unclear. A more qualitative approach might be useful for differentiating true prodromal subjects from clinically low‐risk individual differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Assessing self‐reported clinical high risk symptoms: The psychometric properties of the polish version of the prodromal questionnaire‐brief and a proposal for an alternative approach to scoring

Starkowska

Tyburski

Kucharska-Mazur

et al. 2020

Early Intervention Psych

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“…Findings relevant to the psychopathological positive dimension are inconsistent. A higher frequency of positive symptoms was reported in females than in males in several papers ( 5 , 42 , 67 , 69 , 73 , 74 ), including a study carried out in a large sample of patients with first-episode schizophrenia ( 69 ), while others reported an opposite pattern of differences ( 2 ). Interestingly, in a study exploring gender differences across diverse regions of the world ( 64 ), a greater severity of positive symptoms in females was found only in some regions, suggesting that psychosocial and cultural factors can impact the severity of this psychopathological dimension with a differential effect on gender.…”

Section: Psychopathological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 96%

Gender Differences in Clinical and Psychosocial Features Among Persons With Schizophrenia: A Mini Review

et al. 2021

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An extensive literature regarding gender differences relevant to several aspects of schizophrenia is nowadays available. It includes some robust findings as well as some inconsistencies. In the present review, we summarize the literature on gender differences in schizophrenia relevant to clinical and social outcome as well as their determinants, focusing on clinical variables, while gender differences on biological factors which may have an impact on the outcome of the disorder were not included herewith. Consistent findings include, in male with respect to female patients, an earlier age of illness onset limited to early- and middle-onset schizophrenia, a worse premorbid functioning, a greater severity of negative symptoms, a lower severity of affective symptoms and a higher rate of comorbid alcohol/substance abuse. Discrepant findings have been reported on gender differences in positive symptoms and in social and non-social cognition, as well as in functional outcome and rates of recovery. In fact, despite the overall finding of a more severe clinical picture in males, this does not seem to translate into a worse outcome. From the recent literature emerges that, although some findings on gender differences in schizophrenia are consistent, there are still aspects of clinical and functional outcome which need clarification by means of further studies taking into account several methodological issues.

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“…In addition, we replicated the analysis based on gender cohorts separately, since studies have found differences between genders. For example, researchers in [22] indicate that while males initially show negative/cognitive symptoms, females present (sub-threshold) positive and affective symptoms. This also agrees with [23], where the authors state that males at high risk of psychosis displayed more pronounced negative symptoms, higher rates of past substance abuse disorders and higher deficits in social functioning than females.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing acoustic and prosodic fluctuations in free speech to predict psychosis onset in high-risk youths

Agurto

Pietrowicz

Norel

et al. 2020

2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine &Amp; Biology Society (EMBC)

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The diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders depends on the analysis of behavior through language by a clinical specialist. This analysis is subjective in nature and could benefit from automated, objective acoustic and linguistic processing methods. This integrated approach would convey a richer representation of patient speech, particularly for expression of emotion. In this work, we explore the potential of acoustic and prosodic metrics to infer clinical variables and predict psychosis, a condition which produces measurable derailment and tangentiality in patient language. To that purpose, we analyzed the recordings of 32 young patients at high risk of developing clinical psychosis.

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Gender differences in first self‐perceived signs and symptoms in patients with an at‐risk mental state and first‐episode psychosis

Abstract: Our results suggest that only few and relatively small gender differences exist in the first self-perceived signs and symptoms. While men initially mainly notice negative/cognitive symptoms, women first notice (sub-threshold) positive and affective symptoms.

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Assessing self‐reported clinical high risk symptoms: The psychometric properties of the polish version of the prodromal questionnaire‐brief and a proposal for an alternative approach to scoring

Assessing self‐reported clinical high risk symptoms: The psychometric properties of the polish version of the prodromal questionnaire‐brief and a proposal for an alternative approach to scoring

Gender Differences in Clinical and Psychosocial Features Among Persons With Schizophrenia: A Mini Review

Analyzing acoustic and prosodic fluctuations in free speech to predict psychosis onset in high-risk youths

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