Gender differences in formal wage employment in urban Tanzania

Opoku, Kwadwo; Mugizi, Francisco M.P.; Boahen, Emmanuel Adu

doi:10.1080/0376835x.2023.2288819

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is because higher education is posited to increase a person's skills and productivity. This result is consistent with the study conducted in Tanzania by Opoku et al (2023) and in South Africa by Lawana et al (2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Following the human capital theory perspective, this objective was addressed by understanding the probability that an individual would be employed (and be employed in the formal sector). The use of this technique is consistent with Chen and Hamori (2010) and Opoku et al (2023), who examined gender differences in labor force participation and formal employment in China and Tanzania, respectively, using bivariate probit analysis. Unlike both of those studies, this study accounts for the effect of smoking behavior on labor participation and formal employment, respectively.…”

Section: Statistical Analysessupporting

confidence: 54%

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The Impact of the Transitions and Maintenance Patterns of Physical Activity and Tobacco Smoking on Labor Market Outcomes in South Africa

Megbowon

2023

Economies

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(1) Background: Labor market outcomes can be directly or indirectly influenced by the health behavior patterns of the labor force. This study assesses the association between patterns of physical activity and smoking behavior maintenance (and their transitions) and the labor market outcomes of employment participation and formal employment participation. (2) Methods: The sample evaluated in this study comprises adult individuals aged 18 and above from wave 5 of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a chi-square test, and bivariate probit regression techniques. (3) Results: The bivariate probit regression results regarding the impact of health behavior transition and maintenance patterns on labor market outcomes show that transitioning to physically active behavior or maintaining physically active behavior increases the likelihood of participating in the labor market and being employed in the formal sector compared to those ceasing to be physically active over time. Surprisingly, both the maintenance and uptake of smoking behavior increases the probability of the occurrence of both labor market outcome variables. (4) Conclusions: These findings have both explicit and implicit implications that can serve to increase labor force participation probability and to promote healthy behavior. There is a need for community-wide campaigns via promotions and media coverage to promote active physical activity among the labor force group. Also, interventions to support individuals who lack extensive social networks is necessary. The results further highlight the importance of education, rural economic development, and good health status for desirable labor market outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Statistical Analysessupporting

confidence: 54%

The Impact of the Transitions and Maintenance Patterns of Physical Activity and Tobacco Smoking on Labor Market Outcomes in South Africa

Megbowon

2023

Economies

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Child labour and schooling in Tanzania

Mugizi

2024

J. Soc. Econ. Dev.

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Disability and labour market participation among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya

Bechange,

Jolley,

Jeyam

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Despite the importance of labour market participation and the high number of people with disabilities in rural Africa who rely on subsistence agriculture to survive, very few studies have documented labour market outcomes among farmers with and without disabilities in Africa. Objective We examined how labour market participation differed by disability and other factors among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya. Methods We use cross-sectional data collected between January and April 2022 from sorghum farmers enrolled in a trial evaluating the impact of a programme designed to improve labour market participation among sorghum farmers in rural Western Kenya. Disability and Labour market outcomes were assessed using questions from the Washington Group /ILO Labor Force Survey Disability Module the ILO Labour Force Survey module respectively. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify socio-demographic characteristics and other related factors associated with labour market participation. Results Among 4459 participants, disability was reported by 20.3% of women and 12.3% of men. Labour market participation was reported by 77.1% and 81.3% of women and men, respectively. Adjusting for demographic confounders, having a disability was associated with a lower likelihood of labour market participation (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval, 0.42–0.83, P = 0.001). These findings were similar in a modified model that looked at functional difficulties separately from anxiety and depression. Women, older participants, and those who were dependent on others were also more likely not to report participation in the labour market. Conclusions Increased recognition and understanding of functional limitations among smallholder farmers is vital for the success of economic empowerment programmes aimed at increasing labour market participation among the most vulnerable populations.

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Gender differences in formal wage employment in urban Tanzania

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

The Impact of the Transitions and Maintenance Patterns of Physical Activity and Tobacco Smoking on Labor Market Outcomes in South Africa

The Impact of the Transitions and Maintenance Patterns of Physical Activity and Tobacco Smoking on Labor Market Outcomes in South Africa

Child labour and schooling in Tanzania

Disability and labour market participation among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya

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