Gender differences in intimate partner violence outcomes.

Abstract

This paper proposes a conceptual model for gender differences in outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, broadly conceived as including physical, sexual, emotional, and coercive control forms of abuse, as well as stalking. Method: Literature review of PsycInfo and PubMed databases. Results: The literature reviewed suggests these negative effects are not equally distributed by gender-studies indicate that women suffer disproportionately from IPV, especially in terms of injuries, fear, and posttraumatic stress. The review also finds that women experience greater decreases in relationship satisfaction as a result of IPV. Conclusions: Our review largely supports the contention of feminist theory that gender matters-but we would go further and say that what really matters is power; gender matters because it is so highly correlated with power. We propose that, due to cultural factors that typically ascribe higher status to the male gender, and men's greater size and strength compared to women (on average), women are more likely than men to encounter contextual factors that disempower them and put them in situations-such as sexual abuse-that increase their risk of poor outcomes.

Prevalence and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Among an Ethnic Minority Population

“…In general, the results concerning the association between IPV and relationship satisfaction are in line with the literature (e.g., S. L. Williams & Frieze, 2005) and add to the body of knowledge on gender differences in IPV relational outcomes (Caldwell et al, 2012). That is, lifetime experiences of violence by an intimate partner appear to have a negative impact on victims' relationship satisfaction.…”

Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Victims’ Relational and Sexual Well-Being

“…Second, this study informs about how intimate violence might impact male victims. Even though some victimization studies assessed the impact of IPV for both women and men, only a few of them have directly compared the health correlates for male and female victims (Caldwell, Swan, & Woodbrown, 2012). Third, this study enlarges the existing knowledge on IPV by specifically examining the effects of psychological victimization.…”

Intimate Partner Violence Risk among Undergraduate Women from an Urban Commuter College: the Role of Navigating Off- and On-Campus Social Environments

“…[1][2][3] The risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), including Bphysical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse,^1 among women is greatest between the ages of 18 to 24 years, 2 a period when many women enter college. While the prevalence of IPV among students internationally has been estimated to range from 17 to 45 % for physical assaults in the last year, 4 women are far more likely than men to experience sexual and physical violence, 2,5 or to be killed as result of IPV. 6,7 In a sample of American college students, 43 % of women (vs. 28 % of men) reported having experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, or other forms of IPV (e.g., controlling behavior, verbal abuse, excessive calling or texting, etc.…”