“…Finally, we contribute to the broader literature on the cost of job displacement. Previous studies have shown that displacement comes at much higher costs for women (Meekes and Hassink, 2022;Illing, Schmieder, and Trenkle, 2021), workers in routine-intensive occupations (Blien, Dauth, and Roth, 2021), and low-wage workers in the manufacturing sector (Helm, Kügler, and Schönberg, 2021). Bertheau, Acabbi, Barcelo, Gulyas, Lombardi, and Saggio (2022) have shown that the costs of job displacement can vary substantially across countries, with workers displaced in Southern Europe facing much higher costs than workers in Northern Europe.…”