Gender Differences in Mental Health Diagnoses Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Enrolled in Veterans Affairs Health Care

Maguen, Shira; Li, Ren; Bosch, Jeane; Marmar, Charles R.; Seal, Karen H.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.166165

Cited by 195 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…5 Men suffering from the disorder in the general population are more likely to be diagnosed with substance use disorders or antisocial problems. 5 Because alcohol misuse in the military is usually more prevalent in males, 15 harmful drinking patterns in female officers and enlisted members is a worrisome finding. Mental health clinicians counseling reintegrating female service members are seeing more alcohol misuse in this group and believe that females, similar to military men, may be using alcohol to self-medicate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 In some of these studies, female service members were also more likely than men to screen positive for depression. 7,8,11,[13][14][15] Greater psychologic morbidity has been seen in deployed military HCPs, explained by poorer group cohesion and traumatic military medical and postdeployment experiences. 16 Returning HCPs did not think that people understood what they had been through during deployment and felt unsupported.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Males Females Males Females Item n = 180 (n = 13,589) a n = 112 (n = 4,652) a n = 85 (n = 4,043) a n = 68 (n = 1,156) subgroups. 8,12,15 The beneficial role of social support and the ability to draw upon social relationships may be considered a protective factor for psychologic distress after a deployment. 12,[30][31] Emotional numbing criteria were endorsed more often in enlisted HCPs and female officers than males.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences in Response to Deployment Among Military Healthcare Providers in Afghanistan and Iraq

Gibbons

Hickling

Barnett

et al. 2012

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Despite their growing numbers in the United States military, little has been published on healthcare providers (HCP) or female service members from conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq. The purpose of this secondary analysis of data from the 2005 Department of Defense (DoD) Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Active Duty Military Personnel was to determine gender differences in reaction to the impact of operational stress in deployed military healthcare providers. Methods: The unweighted study sample selected for this data analysis included results from female and male active duty military personnel over the age of 18 years (n = 16,146) deployed at least once to Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) or Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) within the past 3 years (n = 1,425), for a final sample consisting of either officer (healthcare officer) or enlisted (healthcare specialist) personnel (n = 455) (weighted n = 23,440). Indices of psychologic distress and social relations were explored and compared. Results: Enlisted female HCPs were more likely to be African American (42.3%) and single (63.0%) and represented the greater percentage with significant psychologic difficulties, as shown by serious psychologic distress endorsement (11.3%) and positive screen results for depression (32.2%). More harmful drinking patterns (Alcohol Use Disorders Identifications Test [AUDIT] score 8-15) were found in more female HCPs (enlisted 61.8%, officers 76.4%) compared with males (enlisted 41.1%, officers 67.1%). Conclusions: Female HCPs serving in the current military conflicts are reporting significant psychologic distress that may adversely impact their performance within the military, in theaters of operations, and in their lives at home. Implications for clinical care of female service members and veterans of current wars are addressed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences in Response to Deployment Among Military Healthcare Providers in Afghanistan and Iraq

Gibbons

Hickling

Barnett

et al. 2012

Journal of Women's Health

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“…For instance, women were far more likely to have received mental health and social services (most often on the same day) if they presented to the IC rather than UC clinic. This is important given women veterans' perceived barriers to care 40 , unique readjustment issues, and potentially greater mental health needs relative to male counterparts 41,42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Barriers to Mental Health and Social Services for Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans: Outcomes of an Integrated Primary Care Clinic

et al. 2011

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“…While pain is a significant problem for both sexes in the VA, female Veterans may have additional risk factors for the development of chronic pain, such as higher rates of injury during initial training [22] as well as higher rates of depression [23] and military sexual trauma [24]. These factors and others may affect the optimal approach to pain care among females and the development of sex-specific pain programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences between Veterans participating in interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation

2016

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Abstract-The improved management of pain among the growing number of female Veterans receiving care through the Veterans Health Administration has been established as a priority, but studies suggest that females may respond differently to pain treatment. This study explored differences between female and male Veterans engaged in a Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program and determined how female and male Veterans change following participation. Veterans (N = 324) in a 3 wk inpatient program completed self-report measures at admission, discharge, and 3 mo follow-up. Participants were 21% female (n = 67) and 79% male (n = 257). Compared with males, females were younger and less likely to be white or married/partnered. Females reported shorter pain duration and were more likely to have primary head or limb pain. At admission, fewer females were prescribed opioids than males and at lower doses. After opioid cessation in the program, however, there were no significant differences in use between the sexes at follow-up. Improvements in a range of domains were sustained at follow-up for both sexes, but females did not maintain gains in pain intensity or sleep while males reported more painrelated fear at discharge and follow-up. This study adds to the literature on sex-specific variations in chronic pain and implications for treatment.

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Gender Differences in Mental Health Diagnoses Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Enrolled in Veterans Affairs Health Care

Abstract: Consideration of gender differences among OEF and OIF veterans seeking health care at the VA will facilitate more targeted prevention and treatment services for these newly returning veterans.

Cited by 195 publications

References 18 publications

Gender Differences in Response to Deployment Among Military Healthcare Providers in Afghanistan and Iraq

Gender Differences in Response to Deployment Among Military Healthcare Providers in Afghanistan and Iraq

Reducing Barriers to Mental Health and Social Services for Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans: Outcomes of an Integrated Primary Care Clinic

Sex differences between Veterans participating in interdisciplinary chronic pain rehabilitation

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