2024
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63734-0
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Gender differences in neck muscle activity during near-maximum forward head flexion while using smartphones with varied postures

Yi-Lang Chen,
You-Chun Chan,
Hans Alexander

Abstract: Women frequently express heightened neck discomfort even though they exhibit smaller neck flexion (NF) during smartphone use. Differences in natural posture while using smartphones may result in varying muscle activation patterns between genders. However, no study focused on this issue. This study investigated the influence of gender on neck muscle activity and NF when using smartphones, ranging from slight (20°) to nearly maximal forward head flexion, across different postures. We analyzed smartphone usage pa… Show more

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